History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Cinema (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Cinema (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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21. General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie

Culture of the 20th century is distinguished by its versatility and variety of styles. New types of art are appearing - body art, graffiti, etc. Modern methods of broadcasting culture are spreading - television, the World Wide Web, the Internet. Mass migrations of people around the globe are taking place, and there is a worldwide integration of culture. At the same time, two trends are clear: the unification of culture and the development of national traditions.

In the modern world, there are different education systems: from traditional (with a wide range of subjects studied and classical teaching methods) to specialized (with a certain set of subjects and innovative methods). Private schools are very popular in the West.

In the field of higher education, the most prestigious universities stand out:

1) Oxford;

2) Harvard;

3) Sorbonne and others.

There is a demand on the labor market for new professions: a programmer, a trade specialist and others, which requires specialists in training and education. New branches of science are developing:

1) space;

2) genetics;

3) chemistry;

4) plastic surgery;

5) organ transplant;

6) cloning, etc.

Great changes have occurred in the field of cinema. In 1911, the First All-Russian Congress of Cinematographers met, and periodicals on cinematographic issues were published. Later, during the NEP era, a young generation of innovative artists came to cinema, among whom were D. Vetrov and L. Kuleshov, who each united groups of students and like-minded people around themselves. According to S. Eisenstein, cinema should actively influence the viewer, building sharp, unusual episodes. During the Great Patriotic War, cinematic genres such as newsreels and popular science films developed, but feature cinematography also existed. Early 1980s was relatively successful for Soviet cinema. V. Menshov’s film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears” received worldwide recognition and the American Oscar. The process of perestroika could not but affect the cinematic process, as did the collapse of the USSR. The system of multinational cinematography was destroyed, and in some places the film process was interrupted. Attempts are being made to expose Soviet totalitarianism. Liberation from censorship often had a detrimental effect on cinema, which did not recognize moral and ethical boundaries.

A Hollywood star like Marilyn Monroe has become a real idol of millions of people. In the second half of the century, pop culture was born, home video appeared, and the “tape revolution” occurred. Elvis Presley and the Beatles are becoming idols of youth around the world.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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