Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
11. Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
The periodization of Japanese history and art is very difficult to understand. Periods (especially starting from the XNUMXth century) were distinguished by the dynasties of military rulers (shoguns).
The traditional art of Japan is very original, its philosophical and aesthetic principles differ from Western ones. Their formation was influenced by the special attitude of the Japanese to the beauty of their native nature, which since ancient times was perceived as a perfection created by God.
The Japanese literary tradition is considered one of the most ancient. Early written works date back to the XNUMXth century. Their appearance is associated with the borrowing of Chinese hieroglyphic writing.
The first written monuments of Japanese literature are collections of Japanese myths and legends about the deeds of gods and legendary heroes. XNUMXth century considered the heyday of court literature (prose and poetry).
The classical genre of Japanese poetry is considered to be poems called "short verse", which consist of 5 lines (31 syllables - distribution along lines 5-7-5-7-7).
In the XNUMXth century legends, parables and stories that arose in oral form gained great popularity. Then the author's prose is formed. The main genre for a long time was gesaku - genre entertaining stories, the main content of which was funny stories from the surrounding life.
The aesthetic principles of Japanese art were formed under the influence of three most important religious and philosophical doctrines that determined the traditional worldview of the inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun:
1) Shinto;
2) Confucianism;
3) Buddhism.
The veneration of nature as a divine principle took shape in the ancient national religion of the Japanese - Shinto. Initially, each clan had its own patron deities, but the official Shinto pantheon evolved from the patron deities of the ascendant Yamato clan.
Confucianism, like Buddhism, came to Japan from China. Confucianism is usually understood as the traditional ancient Chinese religious and philosophical doctrine, which elevated ethical principles to the category of universal laws.
Buddhism played an important role in the development of traditional Japanese art. At the heart of Buddhist philosophy is the idea that the so-called real world (samsara) is actually a human illusion that appeared due to a misunderstanding of the essence of things.
Traditional Japanese aesthetics, combining Shinto, Confucian and Buddhist ideals, has developed specific principles, the understanding of which is the key to Japanese art.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
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