History of world and domestic culture. Architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half) (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half) (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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42. Architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)

Classicism dominated the architecture of the XNUMXth century. Buildings built in this style are distinguished by a clear and calm rhythm, correct proportions.

There were significant differences in the architecture of St. Petersburg and Moscow. Even in the middle of the XVIII century. Petersburg was buried in the greenery of estates and was in many ways similar to Moscow. Then the regular building of the city began along the avenues that cut through it, rays diverging from the Admiralty. Construction was of fundamental importance at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. the Exchange building on the spit of Vasilyevsky Island.

Nevsky Prospekt, the main thoroughfare of St. Petersburg, has acquired the form of a single ensemble since its construction in 1810-1811. Kazan Cathedral. It was built on the model of St. Peter in Rome as an architect A. N. Voronikhin (1759-1814).

For forty years, from 1818 to 1858, St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg was built - the largest building erected in Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century. The project was designed by a French architect O. Montferrand (1786-1858).

The final work on the formation of St. Petersburg ensembles is associated with creativity K. I. Rossi (1775-1849). The following buildings were built according to his design:

1) Senate and Synod;

2) Alexandria Theatre.

In 1813, the Commission for the Restoration of Moscow was organized, which was engaged in the restructuring of the city for thirty years. In the same year, he returned to Moscow from the people's militia O. I. Bove (1784-1834), who received the position of architect.

In the first decades of the XIX century. Moscow has taken on a new look. And in this, along with Osip Bove, played an important role Domenico Gilardi (1785-1845).

At the same time, the architect Stasov continued his work. His most famous buildings were two St. Petersburg churches - the Transfiguration and Trinity Cathedrals.

C. A. Ton (1794-1881) in his work he tried to revive the traditions of ancient Russian architecture. In 1838-1849. under his leadership, the Grand Kremlin Palace was built. In 1839, on the banks of the Moskva River, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was laid to commemorate the deliverance of Russia from the Napoleonic invasion.

Sculpture also flourished. A monument to Minin and Pozharsky was erected on Red Square - a work I. P. Martos (1754-1835). Following the traditions of classicism, the sculptor dressed his heroes in antique clothes.

In the 40-50s of the XIX century. Nevsky Prospekt was decorated with bronze sculptures P. K. Klodt (1805-1867) "Horse Tamers" installed on the foundations of the Anichkov Bridge across the Fontanka. The monument to Nicholas I on St. Isaac's Square in St. Petersburg also belongs to Klodt.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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