History of world and domestic culture. Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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2. Visual arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge

In the primitive era, all types of fine arts were formed:

1) graphics (drawings, silhouettes);

2) painting (images in color, made with mineral paints);

3) sculpture (figures carved from stone or molded from clay);

4) decorative art (carving on wood, stone, bone; reliefs, ornaments).

The first works of primitive art that have come down to us belong to the Upper Paleolithic, their age is about 40 thousand years. Among them, a special place is occupied by the so-called "Venuses" - images, apparently associated with the cult of the mother ancestress.

At the end of the XIX century. primitive cave painting was discovered (Altamir cave in Spain). Later, researchers discovered dozens of similar caves in Spain, France, and also in Russia (Kapova Cave, South Urals).

The advent of writing was of great importance. One of the first forms of writing is pictographic writing, consisting of individual specific images.

With the onset of the Mesolithic era, the image begins to dominate the person. Color and volume give way to movement. If Paleolithic cave painting consists of many figures that are compositionally unrelated to each other, then multi-figure rock art reproduces hunting scenes, honey gathering, ritual actions, dances, battles, etc.

In the Neolithic era, art undergoes profound qualitative changes. Culture ceases to be unified, it acquires distinct features and original character in different territories.

With the development of abstract thinking, language, mythology, religion, the accumulation of rational knowledge, a person had a need to embody complex images in art: the sun, earth, fire, water. An ornament consisting of stylized abstract motifs is gaining popularity: a cross, a circle, a spiral, a triangle, a square, etc.

At the same time, there is a desire to decorate all the objects that a person used. Ornament or individual symbols covered ancient ceramics - the most common type of decorative art.

Among the most mysterious phenomena of primitive art is a group of megalithic monuments:

1) menhirs;

2) dolmens;

3) cromlechs.

Primitive art became the beginning of a figurative reflection of the surrounding world, a means of its knowledge, as well as the formation of the inner world of the person himself. The study of monuments of primitive art allows us to understand the patterns of formation and development of the entire world artistic culture.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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