History of world and domestic culture. Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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9. Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture

The education of free-born citizens in Ancient Greece was aimed at training slave owners who knew how to keep slaves in subjection and protect their state from external enemies. Depending on the conditions of development, various systems of education developed, of which the most famous were two:

1) spartan;

2) Athenian.

In Sparta (Laconica), education was directed mainly to physical training. Teaching reading and writing was not included in the compulsory education program. Athenian education was much more versatile and set as its task a combination of moral, aesthetic and physical education.

Roman education as a system developed during the period of the Republic. With the development of cities, schools arose in which boys were taught to read, write, and count. Aristocrats gave their children their initial education at home. Much attention in the system of education was given to the physical training of youth.

In antiquity, scientific knowledge also actively developed. Among the sciences stand out:

1) geography (Eratosthenes);

2) physics (Democritus);

3) philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Democritus, etc.).

The natural science knowledge of Rome was formed on the basis of the development of centuries-old production, the experience of the Romans themselves and the assimilation of the culture of other peoples of the Mediterranean.

Literature developed rapidly. Period VI-IV centuries. BC e. called "Greek Classics". The great Greek poetess Sappho sings beauty and love in her poems. Literature seeks to reflect the weaknesses and vices of man: a special prose genre is born - a fable, the "father" of which was Aesop.

The literature of the Roman people began to take shape in the XNUMXrd century BC. BC e. The Roman author, whose works are known to us, descendants, in full, was the playwright Plautus (c. 254-184 BC). Speeches were examples of oratory Mark Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC). Along with prose literature, Latin poetry has also achieved great success in creativity Lucretia Cara (c. 99-55 BC), author of the philosophical poem "On the Nature of Things".

An outstanding lyric poet was Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84-54 BC). He became famous as the author of original lyrical poems addressed to his beloved woman, Lesbia. The greatest literary works were created by poets Virgil (70-19 BC) и Horace (65-8 BC). The creator of the classical Roman elegy was Tibullus (c. 50-19 BC). Publius Ovid Naso (43 BC - 17 AD) He became famous for his love lyrics, the book "The Science of Love".

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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