Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
10. Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
The era of classics, especially high (450-400 BC) she did not tolerate models with flaws - everything in a person must be perfect.
The reign of Emperor Nero, one of the most cruel rulers in Roman history, was the heyday of portraiture. The artists of Ancient Rome for the first time paid close attention to the inner world of a person and reflected it in the portrait genre, creating works that had no equal in antiquity.
The painting of the era of the republic is characterized by portraits that are very close to the original.
In the middle of the XNUMXst c. in the visual arts, the genre of still life (from the French "dead nature") began to take shape, showing inanimate objects.
The Emperor Trajan refused lush hairstyles, rich chiaroscuro. The art of his time is committed to the ideal of apparent simplicity: here grandeur and power appear, previously absent in works of art.
The era of geometry in Greece (IX-VIII centuries BC) has long been underestimated by scientists. The murals were dominated by the geometric style, named after the clear, logical forms of the main decorative techniques.
The Greeks create a city in which a thoughtful and clear system of architectural forms is formed - an order (from the Latin "ordo" - order, system), which then becomes the basis of Greek and new European architecture. The Romans for the first time began to build "typical" cities, the prototype of which were the Roman military camps. Two perpendicular streets were laid, at the intersection of which the city center was erected. The Romans invented concrete - the most important building material, with the help of which they fixed the buildings under construction.
The first Greek orders are Doric and Ionic (the names are associated with the places of their origin). Later, the Corinthian order appears, close to the Ionic. In the XNUMXth century BC e. the formation of the main types of temples is being completed.
In ancient sculpture of the archaic period, anthropomorphic (human-like) statues of gods are still common. And the characters of the statues of the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. BC e. not only gods, but also young men - kuros and girls - bark, participants in religious processions.
Sculptors worked in ancient Athens Phidias, Myron, Polykleitos.
The further development of sculpture is associated with an increase in interest in the inner world of man.
Another important element of the art of antiquity is painted vases. Their shapes and sizes varied greatly.
In Attica, XNUMXth century BC e. - the area of Athens - black-figure style vessels were popular: black figures were located on a light background.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
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