History of world and domestic culture. Painting and architecture in Russia in the 16th century (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Painting and architecture in Russia in the 16th century (the most important)

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31. Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century

In the XVI century. The themes of ancient Russian painting began to expand significantly. Much more often than before, artists turn to the plots and images of the Old Testament, to the instructive narratives of parables and, most importantly, to the legendary-historical genre.

At the same time, in the painting of the XVI century. there is a perceptible inclination towards abstract "philosophizing". The church and the state tightly controlled icon painting, so icon painting originals (collections of samples) became widespread at that time.

Moscow painting of the end of the XNUMXth century. marked by great achievements. This is due to the work of outstanding masters - Dionysius and his school.

At the turn of the XV-XVI centuries, on the one hand, the predominance of the Moscow school of painting in Russia is determined; on the other hand, her assimilation of the traditions of local schools, which were gradually leveled under the influence of the all-Russian cultural center, which Moscow has become with its masters, ideas, aspirations.

The brilliance and careful study of details, the elegance and subtlety of the drawing are characteristic of the icons of the "Stroganov school". Its representatives (Prokopy Chirin, Nikifor Savin, and others) worked in Moscow, but often carried out orders from the Solvychegodsk rich Stroganovs.

But at the same time, there is a certain departure from the mighty examples of Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, a decrease in the heroic "breath" of art from the era of the Battle of Kulikovo. At the same time, the progressive development of painting prepared his future successes.

The most outstanding achievement of Russian architecture at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries. was the construction of the buildings of the Moscow Kremlin. Old, dilapidated buildings were replaced with new ones; this is:

1) Assumption;

2) Arkhangelsk;

3) Cathedral of the Annunciation;

4) Temple-pillar of Ivan the Great.

For ceremonial receptions, the Faceted Chamber was built.

In the XVI century. built on a larger scale. Many churches and cathedrals were erected throughout the country.

The Pokrovsky Cathedral (Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God), or St. Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow, the greatest monument of tent architecture, in essence, a complex of nine churches, looks just as fabulous. It was built by Russian architects - Barma and Postnik in 1555-1560. Initially, the temple was white, and it received its motley coloring only in the XNUMXth century.

In general, Russian culture of the XVI century. is of great importance. Firstly, it fully reflected the final transition from a fragmented Russia to a centralized state with its new requirements for art. Further, she was able to withstand the ideological pressure of the second half of the century and prepare the consciousness of the Russian people for the significant changes and shifts that took place in the cultural development of the XNUMXth century.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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