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History of world and domestic culture. Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture (most important)

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4. Theater, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture

The role of the Chinese theater was significant, all performances in which were accompanied by music. Back in the 80st century BC. e. more than XNUMX types of national musical instruments were known in China.

Each emperor of China kept a staff of musicians and dancers at court. In China, professional music was considered a deed unworthy of a noble person, and even court musicians were representatives of the lower social strata.

In the cities of medieval China, there were permanent theater buildings. Actors in China were considered the lowest class and had to abide by many rules and prohibitions.

Ballet, which has deep historical roots in folk dance art, has become a new type of theatrical art in China. From the early 1950s to the mid-1960s, a number of ballet performances on historical and contemporary themes were created, and in the 1980s. Over 100 new productions have already been staged.

Cinema in China appeared in the 1920s, but it achieved its most significant success after 1949.

Guohua is a traditional genre of Chinese painting. Paintings are written in black or gray ink with a brush on paper or silk. The master, with the help of just a few strokes of black ink of various thicknesses, creates the general outlines of the landscape and human figures, without writing out the details.

Both Buddhist and Taoist monasteries have been one of the centers of Chinese culture for many centuries. It was the Chinese Buddhist monks who invented the art of xylography, i.e., book printing, the reproduction of text using matrices (boards with mirror hieroglyphs carved on them).

Already in the II millennium BC. e. Jade and bone carving was developed. Green jade was a cult object in China, it was revered as an "eternal stone" that keeps the memory of ancestors. The most important center for the production of products using cloisonne enamel is Beijing.

Interesting and unusual architecture of China. Already in the 2st millennium BC. e. the Chinese built buildings of 3-XNUMX or more floors with a multi-tiered roof. Typical was a building consisting of supports in the form of wooden pillars with a tiled roof, which had raised edges and a clearly marked cornice - a pagoda. This type of building was the main one in China for many centuries.

The time when a single centralized state was formed in the country (221-207 BC) was marked by the construction of the main part of the Great Wall of China, which has partially survived to this day.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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