Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
36. Painting and architecture 1700-1725
In the field of fine arts in the first quarter of the XVIII century. active development receives secular painting. An outstanding portrait painter of this time was A.
M. Matveev (1701-1739). Among the engraving masters I. Adolsky was famous. The works of artists A.F. Zubov, A.I. Rostovtsev and P. Picard brought to us the architectural appearance of both Russian capitals.
From the end of the XNUMXth century Russian pictorial art is being transformed. In the art of icon painting, a tendency began to appear for a transition to a realistic depiction of the world and people. The so-called parsuna genre is developing - a realistic portrait created in a traditional planar manner. The artists of this genre were influenced by Western European painting.
Architecture in the time of Peter the Great also experienced Western European influence. A new phenomenon in Russian culture was the spread of sculptural compositions, which was especially pronounced in the creation of palace and park ensembles, for example, in the design of the Grand Cascade of the Peterhof Palace (architect J. B. Leblon).
A fundamentally new architecture also appeared, based on the order system (columns, porticos, pediments, etc.). The interiors of church churches began to be decorated with multi-tiered wooden iconostases with intricate decorative carvings. One of the brilliant masters of carving was the architect I.P. Zarudny. Fundamentally new architecture created the basis of the capital of Russia at that time - St. Petersburg. Here, from the very beginning, the North German (Dutch) version of Baroque with a restrained, dryish decor, with a desire for maximum rationality, was developed. The bearer of this trend was D. Trezzini. He took an active part in the planning of St. Petersburg, in particular its Vasilievskaya part. The Swiss D. Trezzini designed the most important buildings in St. Petersburg - the Peter and Paul Fortress and its cathedral, the building of the Twelve Colleges (built on Vasilievsky Island in 1722-1734, completed by M. G. Zemtsov).
The palace of A. D. Menshikov, whose main facade faces the Neva, has long been the most luxurious private house in the northern capital.
A little higher along the Neva River was the Summer Palace (1710-1714), architects D. Trezzini and A. Schlüter. Peter I was especially proud of the Summer Garden that surrounded this building.
Peter's transformations in the sphere of culture, life and customs were of a pronounced political nature. They were supposed to emphasize the fundamental difference between the Russian Empire, created in a quarter of a century, and a great state of the European type.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
<< Back: Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
>> Forward: General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ World economy. Crib
▪ The main dates and events of domestic and foreign history. Crib
▪ Urology. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Green Revolution in the Oceans: Phytoplankton Rise
24.07.2023
Over the past two decades, scientists from the US and the UK, analyzing satellite images, have found that the world's oceans are increasingly colored in green hues.
The reason for this phenomenon was the rapid increase in the phytoplankton population. These microscopic organisms, including algae, use the green pigment chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. Because of this, the more phytoplankton, the greener their natural habitat becomes.
This rapid increase in phytoplankton abundance has already had serious short-term consequences. They lead to oxygen deficiency in the environment, causing the formation of hypoxic dead zones where animals cannot survive.
However, the long-term effects of algae growth on the ocean ecosystem remain to be explored.
Since phytoplankton absorb carbon, its presence can be beneficial. However, further research is needed to exploit this potential.
Algae can make significant changes to their habitat, including changes in temperature, nutrient availability, and light levels in the water. They are also the backbone of the food chain in marine ecosystems. The increase in phytoplankton abundance is likely to lead to extensive and significant changes in the oceans.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ New Ethernet standards
▪ The secret of the strength of ancient Roman concrete
▪ Electric current against fouling
▪ Electronic Notebook Sharp WG-PN1
▪ The camera does not need a lens
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Biographies of great scientists. Article selection
▪ article Sacred Stones of Europe. Popular expression
▪ article Why was a disabled dog awarded the rank of sergeant in the US Army? Detailed answer
▪ Amazon River article. Nature miracle
▪ article Temperature controller for the basement. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Charger with manual and automatic operation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese