History of world and domestic culture. Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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39. Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign

In the first half of the XVIII century. The dominant style in architecture was baroque. It is characterized by the creation of huge ensembles, distinguished by solemnity, splendor, an abundance of stucco, sculptures, columns. In the second half of the XVIII century. Baroque is replaced by Classicism.

The most striking figure of the middle of the XVIII century was V.V. Rastrelli (1700-1771). In 1754-1762 Rastrelli erected a new Winter Palace on approximately the same spot where the Winter Palace of Peter I stood.

In the second half of the XVIII century. a number of the largest talented Russian architects appear. In their work, Russian classicism acquired its main features.

V. I. Bazhenov (1737-1799) - the great Russian architect, one of the first representatives of Russian classicism.

Along with the palace and park architecture in the XNUMXth century, the construction of public buildings was becoming increasingly important. One of the first buildings of this type is the famous Admiralty in St. Petersburg, the work of a Russian architect I. K. Korobova (1700-1747).

The great Russian architect made a great contribution to the construction of large public buildings in Moscow M. F. Kazakov (1738-1812). A wonderful example of Kazakov’s creativity is the Senate building in the Moscow Kremlin.

Simultaneously with Russian architects, foreigners also successfully worked in Russia. Among them, the most talented were the Scot Charles Cameron and the Italian Giacomo Quarenghi.

Architect I. E. Starov (1745-1808) also adhered to the canons of classicism. His most famous work is the Tauride Palace of Prince G. A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky in St. Petersburg (1783 - 1789).

Finally, one cannot fail to mention the magnificent achievements of Russian sculptors of the XNUMXth century. Among the first is the famous F. I. Shubin (1740-1805). The tendencies of realism and sharp portrait characteristics are clearly expressed in his work.

A whole galaxy of outstanding masters worked in the field of decorative sculpture in this era:

1) F. G. Gordeev;

2) M. I. Kozlovsky;

3) I. P. Prokofiev;

4) F. F. Shchedrin;

5) I. P. Martos.

They left wonderful examples of decorative and monumental sculpture. Of particular note is the monument to Peter I, created by the French sculptor Falcone (1716-1791). In general, at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. the public preferred sculptures based on mythological and historical subjects. Therefore it was very popular M. I. Kozlovsky (1753-1802), since in his work he turned mainly to ancient mythology and biblical traditions.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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