Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
25. The genre of chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
The most important place in ancient Russian literature is occupied by the genre of chronicle. Some researchers believe that its appearance can be dated back to the end of the 10th century, when the first chronicle was created. The Tale of Bygone Years unfolds a broad canvas of Russian history, which is considered as part of world history (biblical and Roman-Byzantine history). The author used a number of translated Byzantine sources, oral legends (about the founding of Kiev, about the calling of the Varangian princes, about Princess Olga and a number of others: works belonging to the hand of Prince Vladimir Monomakh - “Teachings for Children” and a list of “paths” - campaigns and trips that Monomakh committed during his life).
From Byzantium, Rus' adopted the construction of its churches in the image of the cross-domed temple of the Greeks: a square, dissected by four pillars, forms its basis; rectangular cells adjacent to the dome space form an architectural cross. The first Russian churches, including the Church of the Tithes, at the end of the 10th century. were built by Greek masters in strict accordance with Byzantine traditions, but the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv reflected a combination of Slavic and Byzantine traditions: thirteen cheerful domes of the new temple were placed on the basis of the cross-domed temple. This step pyramid of St. Sophia Cathedral resurrected the style of Russian wooden architecture. St. Sophia Cathedral, created at the time of the establishment and rise of Rus' under Yaroslav the Wise, showed that construction is also politics.
With this temple, Russia challenged Byzantium, its recognized shrine - the St. Sophia Cathedral of Constantinople.
The Christian Church introduced a completely different content into painting, sculpture, and music. Church art is subordinated to the highest goal - to sing the Christian God, the exploits of the apostles, saints, church leaders. It was created mainly according to church canons, where everything that contradicted the highest Christian principles was cut off. Asceticism and rigor in painting (icon painting, mosaics, frescoes), sublimity, "divinity" of Greek church prayers and hymns, the temple itself, which becomes a place of prayerful communication of people - all this was characteristic of Byzantine art. If this or that religious, theological theme was strictly established in Christianity once and for all, then its expression in art, in the opinion of the Byzantines, should have carried this idea only once and for all in an established manner; the artist became an obedient executor of the canons dictated by the church.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
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