History of world and domestic culture. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XX century (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XX century (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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49. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century

The development of art was also characterized by the existence of the struggle of various directions. The Association of Artists of the Revolution (AHR, 1922) was the most popular art organization, which aimed to develop the Wandering traditions in the spirit of "artistic documentaryism" (I. Brodsky, E. Cheptsov, K. Yuon). Another significant association - the "Society of Easel Painters" (OST, 1925), organized by graduates of VKhUTEMAS, sought to create paintings that were modern not only in their content, but also in visual means (works by A. Deineka, Yu. Pimenov and others. ).

The founder of Suprematism K. Malevich and V. Kandinsky also worked fruitfully.

Creative style is unique K. S. Petrova-Vodkina (1878-1939). The result of Petrov-Vodkin’s quest was a real masterpiece - “The Bathing of the Red Horse” (1912).

Creation Marc Chagall (1887-1985), covering almost the entire 20th century, has become one of the most interesting pages of both Russian and European painting.

V. E. Tatlin (1885-1953) - the artist of the Russian avant-garde, the founder of constructivism.

As a result of the nationalization of land and large real estate in the cities, the state became the only customer for construction work in Soviet Russia.

In the first half of the 1920s, when construction was limited, projects for various buildings (residential buildings, labor palaces, workers' clubs, communal houses) were widely developed. The development was an architectural style based on the so-called constructivism. Neoclassicism began to revive.

A striking example of technical innovation is the Moscow radio tower, built in 1922 according to the project V. G. Shukhova (1853-1939).

At the same time, mass construction was carried out in the country. Model projects of residential buildings, schools, and public institutions were developed. The development of the construction industry was aimed primarily at reducing the cost and speeding up work.

The art of sculpture acquired special social and political significance in Russia after 1917.

For some time, Soviet sculpture still retained echoes of impressionism, modernity and avant-garde of the early 1920th century, but by the end of the XNUMXs. the main reference point for most sculptors was the classics. Here, for the first time, a tensely dramatic composition was shown. I. D. Shadra (1887-1941) "The cobblestone is the weapon of the proletariat"; majestic, inspired by the image of the Russian Empire, the group of A. T. Matveev "October. Worker, peasant and Red Army soldier" and statues V. I. Mukhina (1889-1953) "Peasant Woman" and "Worker and Collective Farm Girl" (both 1927).

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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