History of world and domestic culture. Features of the culture of Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Shariah (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Features of the culture of Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Shariah (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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13. Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia

The geography of the modern Arab world is surprisingly diverse.

Arabic medieval culture It also developed in those countries that underwent Arabization (adopted Islam), where classical Arabic dominated for a long time as the state language.

The greatest flourishing of Arab culture fell on the VIII-XI centuries:

1) poetry developed successfully;

2) the famous fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights" were compiled;

3) many works of ancient authors were translated.

Islam was the basis of the religious life of the inhabitants of the East. Islam (Arabic for "submission") is the youngest of the three world religions. In the modern world, Islam is the second world religion in terms of the number of followers. It is a monotheistic religion, and in almost all Muslim-majority countries, Islam is the state religion. Islam originated in Arabia in the XNUMXth century, its founder was Muhammad. This religion developed under the influence of Christianity and Judaism. The ideal form of Islamic statehood is an egalitarian secular theocracy. All believers, regardless of their social status, were equal before the divine law; An imam or mullah is the leader of a common prayer, which can be led by any Muslim who knows the Koran. Legislative power is possessed only by the Koran, and executive power - religious and secular - belongs to God and is exercised through the Caliph. Main directions of Islam:

1) Sunnism;

2) Shiism;

3) Wahhabism.

The main source of Muslim doctrine is the Koran (Arabic for "reading aloud"). The second source of Muslim doctrine - the Sunnah - examples from the life of Muhammad as an example of solving religious socio-political problems.

In addition to sermons, prayers, spells, edifying stories and parables, the Koran contains ritual and legal regulations that regulate various aspects of the life of Muslim society. In accordance with these instructions, family, legal, property relations of Muslims are built. The most important part of Islam is Sharia - a set of norms of morality, law, cultural and other principles that regulate the entire social and personal life of a Muslim.

The traditional norms of behavior of Eastern society were combined with traditional thinking and mythology, an important part of which was represented by angels and demons, or jinn. Muslims were very afraid of the evil eye, they believed in the immortality of the soul and the afterlife. Great importance in the Arab East was attached to dreams. Divination was also widespread.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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