History of world and domestic culture. General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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26. General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus

The era of fragmentation covers the XII-XV centuries. Russian history and the beginning of the XVI century. For the Russian spiritual culture of the middle of the XII-XIII centuries. the emergence of original cultural centers in different regions of Russia is characteristic. The main role in this process was played by large and strong principalities, such as:

1) Galicia-Volyn;

2) Vladimir-Suzdal;

3) Veliky Novgorod.

By the middle of the XIV century. Gaining strength in the struggle for power, a new principality in the political arena - Moscow. The annals are widely developed. Any serious monuments in the field of material and spiritual culture of the XIII century. after the Mongol-Tatar invasion was not preserved.

Church ("hagiographic") literature also became widespread.

From the beginning of the XIV century. there has been a new upsurge of culture in the Russian lands, which continued during the XIV-XV centuries. Large cities of Russia were expanded and restored. In 1408, the All-Russian chronicle code was compiled. In 1442, the first Russian Chronograph, compiled by Pachomius Logofet, appeared - a world history that included the history of Russia. Stone construction and church painting continue to develop. In architecture, there is a combination of local traditions, forms borrowed from Byzantium and elements of the Western European Romanesque style.

The first independent Vladimir-Suzdal prince was the son of Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky.

The white-stone carving of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia during the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky and Vsevolod the Big Nest, clearly expressed in the decorations of palaces and cathedrals, became a remarkable feature of ancient Russian art.

Simultaneously with the court church, Yuri Dolgoruky founded the Transfiguration Cathedral (1152-1157) in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky founded by him.

Yuri's successor, Prince Andrei, decided to make the young city of Vladimir the capital of the principality he had inherited.

In Vladimir, in the princely courtyard, there was the Church of the Savior; they entered the city through the Golden Gate (1164). The new Vladimir Assumption Cathedral (1158-1160), founded by Andrei, surpassed all the cathedrals of Hagia Sophia in Russia in height. The walls and pillars in it were thinner than in the buildings of Yuri Dolgoruky; instead of protrusions-blades spreading along the wall, flat 4-sided semi-columns were constructed.

In Bogolyubovo there is a building that has become a symbol of ancient Russian architecture - the famous Church of the Intercession on the Nerl (1165). The prince ordered to put it where r. The Nerl flows into the Klyazma, in memory of his son, young Izyaslav, who died in battle with the Volga Bulgars.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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