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History of world and domestic culture. Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s (the most important)

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53. Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s

The campaign against cosmopolitanism that unfolded in the late 1940s and early 50s had a negative impact on the development of literature and art. Well-known Soviet composers and writers were persecuted: S. Prokofiev, A. Khachaturian, N. Myaskovsky, A. Akhmatova, M. I. Zoshchenko and others, whose work was classified as anti-Soviet.

During the period of the "thaw" there was a noticeable rise in literature and art, which was greatly facilitated by the rehabilitation of some of the cultural figures who were repressed under Stalin.

At the same time, it was in the sphere of culture that the relapses of Stalinism were especially clearly manifested. In 1957-1962 "Meetings" of party leaders with cultural and art workers were held, at which extremely harsh assessments were made.

In many cities, the number of theater studios has increased dramatically. New films began to appear on the screens. It is necessary to name the films of T. Abuladze. The penetration of Western cultural products, especially video films, into the country has increased significantly. The prestige of the journals Novy Mir (editor A.T. Tvardovsky), Yunost (editor V.P. Kataev) was constantly growing.

A real shock for millions of Soviet people was the publication of a short story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.

In the second half of the 1960s. dissident movement begins to grow in the country. In 1965, the writers A. Sinyavsky and Yu. Daniel were convicted for publishing their works in the West. In 1974 AI Solzhenitsyn was deprived of his Soviet citizenship and forcibly expelled from the USSR. Film director A. Tarkovsky, director Y. Lyubimov, writer V. Nekrasov, poet I. Brodsky, cellist M. Rostropovich and others ended up abroad.

The ideology of neo-Stalinism was also opposed by the "village" prose of V. Astafiev and B. Mozhaev. A special place in the culture of those years was occupied by books and films by V. M. Shukshin.

Another specific feature of the culture of the 1960s and 1970s was the so-called "tape recorder revolution".

The recognized leaders were the bards V. Vysotsky, B. Okudzhava, A. Galich and others. Elements of a special, youth pop culture appear and are fixed.

Since the mid 1970s. inflation started. Scarcity had a profound effect on the mass consciousness. At the same time, official propaganda waged an intensified struggle against "materialism".

In the 1970s-1980s. Among the writers, one can single out F. Iskander, poets I. Brodsky, N. Korzhavin, A. Galich, directors A. Tarkovsky, Yu. Lyubimov, A. German, T. Abuladze, S. Parajanov, the Mikhalkov brothers and others.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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