History of world and domestic culture. Features of the culture of the New Age. Science and technology. Spiritual life of a person (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Features of the culture of the New Age. Science and technology. Spiritual life of a person (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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19. Features of the culture of the New Age. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man

Since the beginning of the XIX century. there is a sharp change in the human environment - the urban lifestyle begins to prevail over the rural. In the XNUMXth century a turbulent process begins. The mindset of a person is changing.

The transition from manufacture to factory production and the invention of the steam engine revolutionized industry. Making machines required more and more metal. The English engineer Bessemer invented a rotating furnace - a converter - for smelting. The chemical industry appeared. In 1846, Howe invented the first sewing machine, which was improved in 1851 by Singer. Printing developed. They learned how to make cheap types of paper from wood pulp. In the 1825th century Rail transport enters people's lives. The first railway was built by George Stephenson in England in 1803. Locomotives were improved, travel speeds increased, and the American Westinghouse invented brakes driven by compressed air. In 1804-1826 American engineer Evans drove the first steam car through the streets of Philadelphia. The telegraph apparatus created in the USA by the inventor Morse became widespread. In 1783 The first railway suspension bridge was built. In XNUMX, the Montgolfier brothers (France) created a flying machine that was lighter than the air it displaced. At the beginning of the XNUMXth century. the bicycle was invented. Its prototype was an ordinary scooter. The Frenchman Diné slightly changed the model and called his car a bicycle, that is, “swift-footed.”

With the development of civilization, the spiritual life of a person changed, interest in the history of one's family, a kind, increased. But only rich people could order picturesque portraits. At this time, a photograph appears. In 1839, Louis Daguerre, a Parisian artist and physicist, created the first method of photography.

In 1803, the English General X. Shrapnel created a type of explosive projectile, which received the same name "shrapnel". In 1862, the Swede Alfred Nobel set up the production of dynamite.

One of the features of industrial civilization was a sharp increase in human interest in the world around us. Scientists prove that the Earth revolves around the Sun. The foundation for the powerful upsurge of science at the beginning of modern times was laid by two great scientists - an Englishman I. Newton (1642-1727) and German G. Leibniz (1646-1716). A revolution in science was made by the book of an English scientist C. Darwin (1809-1882) about the origin of man. The method of long-term storage of products was invented by L. Pasteur.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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