History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of Russian Culture 1991-2003. Education and science (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of Russian Culture 1991-2003. Education and science (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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55. General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science

The culture of the period under study is characterized by the following features:

1) a wide variety of styles, genres and trends;

2) the state ceases to dictate the canons, style and subjects in art;

3) restrictions in science and teaching are removed;

4) new myths are born in culture;

5) culture is losing its main customer, and its funding is sharply reduced;

6) mass art comes to the fore;

7) in the 1990s. there was a return of a number of names - the Russians learned about such layers of culture as the culture of the Silver Age (the work of the poets I. Mandelstam, A. Akhmatova, M. Tsvetaeva, L. Gumilyov and others) and the Russian Diaspora (V. Nabokov, M. Aldanov and etc.).

Science and education found themselves in difficult conditions. Interestingly, the main place in state policy is given to secondary education. It is regulated by the law on education, adopted in 1992. At the same time, the content of education has changed qualitatively: it has become person-oriented and correlated with world standards.

Secondary and higher schools are experiencing difficulties due to a lack of material resources, a decrease in the level of teaching, and the unwillingness of power structures and political leaders to provide normal funding. The unpreparedness of the majority of educational institutions to operate in a market economy, to earn money on their own, also had an effect.

But higher education is now in great demand and is actively developing, universities are opening, new promising specialties are emerging. Thus, by the middle of 2001, there were about 600 state and 250 non-state universities in Russia. A characteristic feature is the paid - commercial - form of education.

As far as science is concerned, post-Soviet science adapted extremely poorly to the market economy. commonplace in the 1990s. became the so-called "brain drain" abroad - many scientists have chosen better working conditions. Nevertheless, a large number of scientists remained in Russia, they work and achieve good results with modest funding. Priority in funding is given to scientists working in the natural sciences (fundamental and applied industries). Funds-sponsors play an important role (domestic - for example, the Potanin Foundation, foreign - the Ford Foundation, the Soros Foundation).

Scientists in the humanities, who have received the opportunity to freely communicate with foreign colleagues, today are not shackled by the former ideological uniformity. They more objectively reveal the history of the Fatherland, its culture and contribution to the development of world civilization.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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