Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
52. Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s. Education and science
Features of the culture of the USSR of this period consisted in the struggle of the government with deviations from the "tasks of social construction." The pressure and control on the part of the party were so great that they oppressed the freedom of artists and scientists. In order to control culture in the mid-1970s. the system of state orders was introduced. Increased censorship. The acquaintance of Soviet citizens with foreign artistic culture was constantly limited.
The development of culture in the 1960-80s. was contradictory. Although funds for the development of culture were constantly increasing, the achievements did not match the costs.
During this period, the leadership of the USSR began to pay great attention to education. In 1946, the Soviet government significantly increased spending on science as well. In the postwar period, a whole series of research institutes was organized. War and repression in the 1930s dealt a heavy blow to the intelligentsia.
In the 1940s - early 50s. Soviet science and technology achieved a number of successes in the field of physics, chemistry, and precision mechanics, but they were mainly aimed at military needs. In 1949, an atomic bomb was tested in the USSR, and research was underway in the field of chemical and bacteriological weapons.
During the years of the seven-year plan (1959-1965) there was a significant shift in the field of technical progress. In July 1956, the first Soviet jet passenger aircraft TU-104 took off into the sky. In 1957, a multi-stage intercontinental ballistic missile was launched. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet artificial Earth satellite was launched. The USSR became a pioneer in space exploration. On April 12, 1961, the first space flight in history was made by the Soviet pilot-cosmonaut Yu. Gagarin.
In the mid 1950s - early 60s. the development of the mass media (media). Broadcasting covered the entire country.
The time of the "thaw" was characterized by the rise of Soviet science and culture. Much attention was paid to secondary and higher education.
In 1957, the world's most powerful elementary particle accelerator, the synchrophasotron, was launched in the USSR.
1985-1991 in the field of education, science and culture are characterized ambiguously. In the field of education, changes began to occur since 1988.
During the second half of the 1980s. in the USSR, there were practically no serious discoveries, and the leading branches of science, such as astronautics, nuclear physics, molecular biology, and others, hardly maintained the level achieved in the previous period.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
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