History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

40. General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science

The fate of Russia in the first half of the XNUMXth century was ambiguous. These years began with the victory in the Patriotic War, and ended with the unsuccessful Crimean War.

The first half of the XNUMXth century, the time of Pushkin, is called the Golden Age of Russian culture. Its beginning coincided with the era of classicism in Russian literature and art. After the defeat of the Decembrists, a new upsurge in the social movement began. This gave hope that Russia would gradually cope with its difficulties.

During the period of transformations of the beginning of the XIX century. the public education system was reformed. In 1803, six educational districts headed by trustees and four categories of educational institutions were created. According to the Charter of 1804, the universities became centers for the training of pedagogical personnel, carried out the methodological guidance of schools in the educational district. At the beginning of the century, closed educational institutions for nobles appeared - lyceums (in Yaroslavl, Odessa, Tsarskoye Selo), higher educational institutions were opened (Commercial Institute, Institute of Communications).

Relying on the achievements of European science, Russian scientists have achieved major successes. In 1811, Russian sailors, led by the captain V. M. Golovkin (1776-1831) explored the Kuril Islands.

F. P. Litke (1797-1882) explored the Arctic Ocean, the shores of Kamchatka and America, founded the Russian Geographical Society. In 1819, Russia sent an expedition to the southern polar seas on two sloops led by F. F. Bellingshausen (1778-1852).

in the literature of the first half of the nineteenth century. different artistic directions coexisted:

1) classicism;

2) sentimentalism;

3) pre-romanticism;

4) romanticism;

5) realism.

At this time, A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, N. V. Gogol create their works.

Patriotic War of 1812 At the same time, after the war, religious sentiments intensified in society. Fearing the influence of the European revolutionary movement, the government increased political control within the country.

In 1814-1815. the first secret organizations arose in the army, whose task was to change the existing system.

In the second floor. 20s - early 30s. Numerous secret circles were formed in Russia. Their members discussed political and philosophical problems, tried to comprehend the events of December 14, 1825, and read forbidden literature. There were circles at Moscow University: V. G. Belinsky, A. I. Herzen, N. V. Stankevich, and others. Most of them were dispersed by the police.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

<< Back: Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign

>> Forward: Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ History of the economy. Lecture notes

▪ Customs law. Lecture notes

▪ Economic statistics. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Etiquette is in the genes 29.04.2012

Why do some people become donors or treat their neighbors with delicious pies, while others spread gossip and always swear? Scientists from the University of Buffalo and the University of California believe that the cause is a combination of genes and hormones.

It is believed that the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin affect how people relate to each other. Laboratory tests have shown that people communicate better and excel at economic games when they inhale an aerosol containing oxytocin. However, no large-scale studies on this topic have been conducted so far.

In the new study, instead of injecting oxytocin, scientists focused on the biology of hormones. Hormones work by binding to receptors in cells. These receptors have different forms, for example, the oxytocin receptor has two forms, and vasopressin has even more.

The study involved 711 experimental volunteers. They were asked various questions regarding civic duty: should they pay taxes, report a crime, are people around good or, on the contrary, bad, etc. At the same time, a saliva sample was taken from the respondents for DNA analysis and it was determined in what form the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors were.

It turned out that people who look at the world from a negative point of view and are less likely to help others do not have a form of receptor associated with kindness and a positive attitude towards people. The "positive" version of the gene allows you to overcome the feeling that the whole world is filled with danger, deceit and violence.

The results of the study do not indicate a direct relationship between genes and social behavior - most of the links between DNA and social behavior are very complex and much deeper than the form of receptors. However, generosity, caring, a sense of civic duty, etc. associated with certain genes, and this can be detected. It is possible that in the future, a person's potential integrity can be detected with a simple DNA test.

Other interesting news:

▪ Efficient molecular diodes

▪ The liver was taken out, repaired, inserted back

▪ Espressif ESP32-WROVER WiFi Modules for IoT Voice Applications

▪ Minisforum Mars MC560 Mini PC

▪ Electric battery from an electric eel

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Dosimeters. Selection of articles

▪ article by Fannie Flagg. Famous aphorisms

▪ article What is the share of land plants in the production of oxygen on our planet? Detailed answer

▪ article by Timyan Marshallov. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Thickness gauge. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Economical voltage converter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews