History of world and domestic culture. Literature and theater. Life of the Russian people (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Literature and theater. Life of the Russian people (the most important)

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35. Literature and theater. Life of the Russian people

This layer of Russian culture was the most colorful, the most mosaic and heterogeneous; he practically did not come into contact with the work of the elite.

In the time of Peter the Great, there was less persecution of traditional pagan festivals with their stormy "hums", dances, round dances, etc.

During this period, the nobility, and partly the townspeople, were direct witnesses of a noticeable increase in non-religious printed books. In 1708, a sample of letters of various content was published with the use of the latest vocabulary, where Dutch, German words, terms, and expressions abounded.

Within the framework of literature, the birth of Russian classicism takes place. The most famous works of this genre are the works of the orator, writer, church and public figure of the era of Peter, the main supporter of church reform, Feofan Prokopovich. Prokopovich's main theme is the glorification of the army, reforms and Russia. Economic journalism was represented by the works of an outstanding scientist I. T. Pososhkova (1652-1726).

In 1702, a theater was built on Moscow's Red Square, which opened its doors to the common public. However, such a theater was rare. Peter's time includes attempts to create public theaters ("comedy temples") in Moscow and St. Petersburg, where plays on historical themes and comedies were staged.

In the era of Peter the Great, interest in secular music, amateur music-making was born, and professional choral art was developing. Bravura military drill music is gaining popularity.

New everyday forms of culture were planted in the life of the noble elite. In 1700, at the gates of the Kremlin, mannequins with samples of new clothes for the nobility (Hungarian, Saxon and French) were even exhibited.

The original figure of the king, who at first observed traditional ceremonies only at diplomatic receptions, brought dramatic changes to palace life. Traditions were simplified, stiffness disappeared. Since 1718, by decree of the king, "assemblies" were introduced, which legalized the forms of royal communication with people he needed and liked. The behavior of young nobles in society was regulated by Western European norms set forth in the translated book "Youth's Honest Mirror".

In the capitals, on solemn dates, in honor of one or another "victory" in the Northern War (the capture of Azov, the victory at Poltava, the anniversary of the Peace of Nystad, etc.), colorful fireworks and grandiose masquerades were in fashion. Treats were exhibited on the squares (fountains of wine, fried carcasses). The patriarchal way of life gradually gave way to "secularism" and rationalism.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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