1. General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology

The culture of the primitive era is the foundation of all subsequent culture of mankind. Many phenomena of the life of modern society originate in the deep antiquity of the primitive era.

1. Language.

2. Writing.

3. Art.

4. Religion.

5. Mythology.

6. Science.

7. Morality, etc.

The primitive era covers a huge period from the appearance of man to the emergence of the first class societies and states, as well as writing. The human race has existed for about 2,5 million years. Homo sapience (reasonable man) is only about 40 thousand years old.

Man has been using tools for more than 2 million years. Their use opened up wide possibilities for primitive man:

1) use of natural resources;

2) adaptation to the environment;

3) collective hunting;

4) protection from enemies. During the Neolithic period:

1) tools are being improved;

2) methods of stone processing (sawing, drilling, grinding);

3) bows, arrows, pottery appear. Along with hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture and cattle breeding are spreading. These two great achievements of the primitive economy made man a man.

The most important prerequisite for the decomposition of primitive society was the transition to the use of metals.

With the advent of art, a qualitative leap took place in the development of human society. Primitive art has become a new phenomenon.

The starting point of a person’s artistic creativity could be his aesthetic needs, sexual instinct, mythological thinking, religious practice, the need to consolidate and transfer accumulated experience, the need for entertainment, etc.

Biological and cultural development has helped man to use symbols. No living being, except man, has this ability.

Mythology occupies an important place in primitive culture. It, being the main form of a person's worldview at an early stage of development, shows how he realizes himself, the world around him and his place in this world.

One of the most common forms of primitive beliefs was the cult of ancestors - the veneration of the spirits of deceased relatives. Varieties of primitive beliefs are:

1) animism;

2) totemism;

3) fetishism.

The development of agriculture in the late period of the primitive era required the ordering of the calendar. Irrigation work led to the formation of the technique of geometric calculations, the development of exchange - to the improvement of counting systems. Ultimately, all this led to the accumulation of mathematical knowledge. And with the advent of the smelting of ore metals, the foundations of chemistry were born.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

>> Forward: Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge

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