History of world and domestic culture. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the twentieth century (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the twentieth century (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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22. Painting, architecture and sculpture of the twentieth century

Painting of the twentieth century is very diverse and is represented by the following main areas:

1) avant-garde (impressionism, modernism, cubism, fauvism);

2) realism;

3) pop art;

4) public art, etc.

The term "pop art" (English "popular, public art") was born in England in the mid-1950s. The first exhibitions of representatives of this trend revealed the main motifs and origins of pop art, such as comics with their seriality and simplified drawings, catchy and bright commercial advertising.

At an exhibition of hyperrealists ("superrealists"), the viewer may be confused: the paintings painted with paint look exactly like large format photographs. Initially, this trend was called photorealism. Body art (eng. "art of the body") is an artistic practice in which the human body serves as the material. At the origins of body art was Yves Klein, who exhibited in the 1950s. his "anthropes" - canvases with prints of the bodies of the sitters painted by him.

After 1945, the United States became the world leader of the avant-garde in architecture, where in the 1920s and 30s. the most prominent European architects of the pre-war period, such as V. Gropius and L. Roe, emigrated. The main direction in the development of European architecture of those years was urban planning. The destruction of World War II (Rotterdam, Le Havre, Hannover and other cities) gave architects the opportunity to create a fundamentally new type of city. In the mid 1950s. construction equipment was undergoing a real revolution. The possibilities of modern materials were increasingly used:

1) thin-walled concrete;

2) aluminum;

3) plastics;

4) synthetic films, etc.

Since the mid 1950s. the architecture of the West is a motley, diverse world. Representatives of the trend that originated in England - brutalism (from the English "rough"), considering the main content of architecture to be construction, flaunted the constructive basis of the structure.

Sculpture develops in a deeply individual manner, many masters continue to follow the traditions of the great masters of antiquity.

Creativity is widely known Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966). His excessively elongated, thin, fragile figures are devoid of strength and passion. A special role in the art of the 20th century. played by the so-called vitalists (from the word “vital”) - artists who, in conventional, symbolic, and sometimes abstract images, sought to convey the rhythm and poetry of life. Turning to sculpture was also natural for the Cubists. In statues Osip Zadkine (1890-1967) - a native of Russia, the form lives its own life. The figures are composed of multidirectional surfaces: sometimes convex, sometimes concave.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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