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Nerve cells still regenerate

15.04.2018

The study of neurogenesis (the formation of new nerve cells - neurons) is a relatively new area of research. In recent years, scientists have proven that new neurons are formed throughout life in the brain of many mammals, but there is still no consensus in the scientific community on the issue of human neurogenesis.

New imaging techniques (such as confocal microscopy) have shown that, at least before puberty, new neurons form in the human hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in the formation of emotions and memory. The findings could help develop drugs for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, the scientists believe.

Maura Boldrini, a neuroscientist at Columbia University, and her colleagues took tissue samples from the hippocampus of 28 healthy people who had died no more than a few hours before. The age of these people at the time of death ranged from 14 to 79 years. Scientists have established the rate at which new blood cells and neurons of the dentate fascia of the hippocampus, the part of the brain where neurogenesis occurs, were formed in the body of the deceased during life.

"According to studies conducted on mice, there are pluripotent "mother" stem cells in the dentate fascia, the number of which, according to some reports, is limited. The development of "daughter" cells, formed as a result of the division of "mother" cells, may follow the path of formation of neurons " , Boldrini explains.

Boldrini and her colleagues found that the number of "mother" cells decreases with age, while "daughter" cells do not. Scientists found thousands of young, incompletely formed neurons in the dentate gyrus in all samples, regardless of the age of the people from whom the samples were taken. However, the older the person, the less cells in the dentate fascia that produce substances that are associated with the ability of the brain to rebuild existing neural connections and form new ones (neuroplasticity). "New neurons that appear in adulthood may form fewer connections with each other and other neurons, or migrate to other parts of the brain less frequently," the scientists conclude.

The loss of neuroplasticity may explain the emotional vulnerability that some people experience in adulthood, but new brain cells, including neurons, are still able to withstand the decline in cognitive skills, the authors of the new work say. Now scientists plan to find out at what rate young neurons are formed in people suffering from Alzheimer's disease and emotional problems.

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