History of world and domestic culture. Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half) (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half) (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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44. Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)

Fiction of the second half of the 80th century. continued the traditions of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. The clash of ideas, moral problems, new phenomena in public life, the path of development of Russia - these and other topics worried the heroes of the works of I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy. In the XNUMXs. the first stories of A.P. Chekhov appeared. The theme of the people was central in the work of N. A. Nekrasov. Subtle lyrical works were created by A. A. Fet, F. I. Tyutchev.

The book publishing business became an increasingly developing branch of entrepreneurship. Some publishers sought to give their activities an educational focus.

I. D. Sytin (1851-1934) began with the publication of popular prints, dream books, oracles. Then he began to print primers, calendars, fiction and popular science literature - at a very low price, counting on mass demand.

"Encyclopedic Dictionary" of Brockhaus and Efron, in 82 volumes, was published in 1890-1907. and became the best Russian encyclopedia.

The State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow is one of the largest collections of Russian fine art, a world famous national cultural center. The museum bears the name of the founder - a Moscow merchant P. M. Tretyakova (1832-1898), who donated his art gallery to the city in 1892, as well as a small collection of his brother and a house that they began to rebuild into a museum building.

The main theaters in the country in the second half of the 1870th century were still the Maly and Alexandrinsky. Talented actors and actresses performed on stage - P. A. Strepetova, M. N. Ermolova. At the end of the XNUMXs. The theatrical activity of director K. S. Stanislavsky begins.

Painting and musical life of the second half of the XNUMXth century. marked by the emergence of new talents that brought world fame to Russian art.

In the 60s. XNUMXth century in St. Petersburg, a small group of composers rallied, setting out to continue the work of M. I. Glinka. Subsequently, this group, according to the apt expression of the art critic V.V. Stasov, was called the "Mighty Handful". Its main organizer and theorist was M. A. Balakirev.

P. I. Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) was not part of the Mighty Handful. He gravitated towards pan-European musical forms, although in his work one can feel belonging to the Russian school. Especially brightly his talent manifested itself in the symphonic poems "Romeo and Juliet", "The Tempest". Tchaikovsky's ballets ("Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker") have become world ballet classics.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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