Inexpensive Avago RGB sensor in a tiny package. Free Technical Library News

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Affordable Avago RGB sensor in a tiny package

26.12.2008

The ADJD E622-QR999 is a low cost CMOS RGB color sensor in a miniature QFN-16 package. In addition to the photodiode matrix, the sensor has built-in RGB color filters and amplifiers.

The microcircuit converts the RGB color stream incoming to it into an analog output voltage value - VROUT, VGOUT and VBOUT, respectively. The ADJD-E622-QR999 is designed for color measurements over a wide dynamic range of light levels. The sensor can be used in conjunction with a white LED to measure the color of its reflected light.

Applications: Lighting color detection and measurement, mobile phones, PDAs, MP3 players, consumer electronics, portable medical devices, portable color detectors.

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Nanopurification of water and soil 08.08.2015

Chemical pollutants often turn out to be elusive and difficult to destroy - the molecules of many pesticides and, for example, bisphenol A, used in the production of plastics, are very resistant to decomposition under normal conditions, so that cleaning water and soil from such substances becomes a very expensive and time-consuming matter: after all, here it is necessary to somehow catch pollutants from the environment in order to destroy them later by special methods.

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have created special nanoparticles that could greatly simplify the fight against such pollutants. Ferdinand Brandl (Ferdinand Brandl), Nicolas Bertrand (Nicolas Bertrand) and their colleagues synthesized a polymer substance from polyethylene glycol and polyactic acid - the first is part of eye drops, toothpastes, laxatives, etc., and, therefore, is harmless, and the second serves as one of the main components of biodegradable plastic. Nanoparticles made of such a polymer consist of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell; due to molecular forces, hydrophobic contaminants, trying to get to the inner layer of the nanoparticle, will stick to its surface.

But in this form, the pollutant will remain in solution, even if it sticks to the nanoparticles. The trick is that the polymer from which the particles are made is destroyed under the action of ultraviolet radiation so that the hydrophilic shell disappears, and the hydrophobic core unfolds, "explodes" - it is no longer stabilized by the hydrophilic shell, which, due to interaction with water, kept the interior of the particle in a compact condition. Expanded particles with adhering pollutant molecules stick together, and as a result, a rather large supramolecular aggregate is obtained. Only, unlike individual harmful molecules and individual particles, such aggregates are easy to collect: they can be precipitated by centrifugation or, for example, simply filtered.

Using these nanoparticles, scientists have been able to purify solutions containing phthalates and bisphenol A, which interfere with hormonal signaling pathways; the particles also proved to be effective in cleaning the soil from aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, which are formed during the incomplete combustion of various types of fuel and which, as is known, can be strong carcinogens. The unfolded polymer cannot fold back into a nanoparticle, and if for some reason the polymer microlump does not settle and filter out, then, made of biodegradable material, it will collapse itself over time, that is, there will be no additional pollution.

A huge plus of the method is its simplicity: the substance of nanoparticles is synthesized at room temperature, there is no need to modify them (they snatch substances from the solution non-specifically and are suitable for any hydrophobic chemicals), purification occurs without complex multi-stage procedures.

In addition, a sufficiently large ratio of surface area to volume allows a small number of nanoparticles to capture many harmful molecules. According to the initial thought of the authors of the work, such particles were supposed to deliver the drug to cancer cells, but the stumbling block was the need for ultraviolet light, which, firstly, does not pass well through the skin, and secondly, damages DNA in those cells, including healthy ones. which he did get to.

And yet, the method can find application not only in cleaning the environment from pollutants, but also in medicine, pharmacology, analytical chemistry, and even in the food industry: for example, using unfolding and sticking nanoparticles, it is possible to remove caffeine when preparing decaffeinated coffee.

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