History of world and domestic culture. Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era (the most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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20. Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era

Man has ceased to be the measure of all things, as it was in the Age of Enlightenment. The movement for gender equality was actively developing. The influence of religion on man has weakened.

Revolutions in Western Europe and America contributed to the design in the XIX century. main ideological directions:

1) conservatism;

2) liberalism;

3) socialism.

The great French bourgeois revolution ended the Age of Enlightenment.

Writers, artists, musicians, poets witnessed grandiose historical events, revolutionary upheavals. Many of them enthusiastically welcomed the changes, admired the proclamation of the ideas of Equality, Brotherhood, Freedom. But the time has come for disappointment. Tragic notes of doubt about the possibility of transforming the world on the principles of reason sounded in philosophy and art. Attempts to get away from reality and at the same time comprehend it caused the emergence of a new worldview system - romanticism.

In the 30s. XNUMXth century serious changes in society will create conditions for the emergence of another creative direction - critical realism.

Talented composers gained worldwide fame: the Austrian F. Schubert (1797-1828), Pole F. Chopin (1810-1849) - "King of the Mazurkas." Romantic musical traditions received further development in creativity Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901): operas "Don Carlos", "La Traviata", "Aida", "Rigoletto" brought him worldwide fame.

Fashion has also changed. The Great French Revolution seriously influenced her. Elegant France began to wear wooden clogs and braces. In the middle of the XIX century. women's clothing includes crinolines (a gathered wedge-shaped skirt, the shape of which was supported by numerous petticoats).

In the visual arts, the ideas of romanticism and critical realism are spreading. In the heavy atmosphere of Spain at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. creativity was formed Francisco Goya (1746-1828). They showed interest in the inner world of man and his experiences Théodore Géricault (1791-1824), Eugene Delacroix и Honoré Daumier (1808-1879).

Realistic traditions in the visual arts are strongly associated with the name Gustave Courbet (1819-1877).

There have been changes in urban planning, construction equipment - metal, glass, concrete are widely used. New factories, banks, apartment buildings, railway stations, libraries, exhibition halls are being built. In the middle of the XIX century. in the design of their facades and interiors, classical architectural forms of rococo and classicism were often used.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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