Table of contents (expand)
- General characteristics of the period. The emergence of art. Mythology
- Fine arts and the emergence of writing in the primitive era. Development of thinking, accumulation of knowledge
- Features of Chinese culture
- Theatre, music, dance, cinema, painting, architecture and arts and crafts in Chinese culture
- Features of Indian culture. Literature. The science. Religion. Music. Dance. Theater. Movie
- Periodization and general characteristics of the culture of ancient Egypt. Religion. Education and science. Literature
- Music, painting, architecture and sculpture of ancient Egypt
- Features of ancient culture. Religion. Theatre. Music
- Enlightenment, science and literature of ancient culture
- Painting, architecture, sculpture and vase painting of ancient culture
- Features of Japanese culture. Literature. Religion
- Theater, painting, architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts of Japanese culture
- Features of the culture of the Arab countries. Religion. Islam. Life and customs of Muslims. Sharia
- Science, literature, fine arts, calligraphy and architecture of the Arab countries
- General characteristics of the culture of the Middle Ages. Education and science. Worldview. Literature. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Middle Ages
- Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Renaissance. Major painters of the Northern Renaissance
- Features of the culture of modern times. Science and technology. Spiritual life of man
- Literature, Social thought, music, fashion, painting, architecture and sculpture of the modern era
- General characteristics of the culture of the twentieth century. Education and science. Museums. Movie
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the XNUMXth century
- Culture of Ancient Russia. The culture of the pagan period. Life of Russia
- Achievements of the Christian culture of Russia
- The genre of the chronicle in the culture of Ancient Russia. Construction of churches. church art
- General features of the culture of the era of fragmentation. Culture of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus
- Culture of Veliky Novgorod and the Moscow principality in the era of fragmentation
- Creation of a special style of temple construction and painting of the XIV-XV centuries. era of fragmentation
- General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought
- Science and literacy in Russia in the XNUMXth century. The emergence of printing in Russia
- Painting and architecture in Russia in the XNUMXth century
- General trends in Russian culture of the XNUMXth century. Literature, education, science, painting of the XNUMXth century
- Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture
- General trends in the culture of the era of Peter the Great. Education, science
- Literature and theatre. Life of the Russian people
- Painting and architecture 1700-1725
- General characteristics of the culture of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign. Education and science
- Literature and social thought, theater and painting of the era of "palace coups" and Catherine's reign
- Architecture and sculpture of the era of "palace revolutions" and Catherine's reign
- General characteristics of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half). Development of education, literature and science
- Theater and painting of the Golden Age of Russian culture (first half)
- Architecture and Sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian Culture (first half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Golden Age (second half). Education and science
- Literature and social thought, museums, theater, music of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Golden Age of Russian culture (second half)
- General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theater. Cinema
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age
- General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater
- Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century
- General characteristics of the era of the Great Patriotic War. Education and science
- Literature, music, theater, painting and architecture of the era of the Great Patriotic War
- Features of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s Education and science
- Standard of living. Literature, social thought of the Soviet era 1950-1980s
- Painting, architecture and sculpture in Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s
- General characteristics of the Culture of Russia 1991-2003. Education and science
- Literature, cinema, theater, media, painting, architecture and sculpture in Russia 1991-2003
46. General characteristics of the culture of the Silver Age. Education and science. Literature. Theatre. Cinema
Russian culture of the late XIX - early XX century. received the name of the Silver Age (term N. A. Berdyaev). During this period, two different cultural streams met: on the one hand, traditions dating back to the XNUMXth century prevailed, on the other hand, a tendency to search for non-traditional forms appeared.
In architecture, the Art Nouveau style is being promoted. A characteristic feature of the culture of the early XNUMXth century was the emergence and rapid spread of urban mass culture. The most striking example of this phenomenon was the unprecedented success of a new kind of spectacle - cinema.
The growth of the industry created a demand for educated people. The number of secondary and higher educational institutions grew rapidly: by 1914 there were more than 200 of them. Saratov University was founded (1909).
In general, the education system did not meet the needs of the country.
The modernization of the country also required a fresh influx of forces into the sphere of natural sciences. New technical institutes were opened in Russia.
Among the famous scientists of this time is V. I. Vernadsky (1863-1945) - Encyclopedist, one of the founders of geochemistry, the doctrine of the biosphere, which later formed the basis of his idea of the noosphere, or the sphere of planetary intelligence. In 1903, the work of the creator of the theory of rocket propulsion was published K. E. Tsiolkovsky (1875-1935). The work was essential N. E. Zhukovsky (1847-1921) и I. I. Sikorsky (1889-1972) in aircraft construction.
The development of literature went in line with the traditions of Russian classical literature of the XNUMXth century, the living personification of which was L. N. Tolstoy. Russian literature of the beginning of the XNUMXth century. represented by the names of A. Chekhov, M. Gorky, V. Korolenko, A. Kuprin, I. Bunin, etc.
Early XNUMXth century was the heyday of Russian poetry. New trends were born: acmeism (A. Akhmatova, N. Gumilyov), symbolism (A. Blok, K. Balmont, A. Bely, V. Bryusov), futurism (V. Khlebnikov, V. Mayakovsky), etc.
Theater life was also intense, with the Bolshoi (Moscow) and Mariinsky (St. Petersburg) theaters occupying leading positions. In 1898, K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko founded the Moscow Art Theater (originally the Moscow Art Theater).
At the beginning of the XX century. The attention of the musical community was drawn to the work of such talented Russian composers as:
1) A. Scriabin;
2) N. Rimsky-Korsakov;
3) S. Rachmaninov;
4) I. Stravinsky.
Particularly popular among various segments of the urban population was the one that appeared at the turn of the 1908th-XNUMXth centuries. cinema; in XNUMX the first Russian feature film "Stenka Razin" was released.
Author: Konstantinova S.V.
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