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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection when cleaning railroad switches from snow. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection Turnouts are equipped with electrical interlocking. Almost all the tracks of the stations are electrified and the voltage in the contact network is 3300 V. At the station, there is a continuous intensive movement of trains, shunting trains, locomotives, individual wagons. All this requires increased vigilance of people working at the stations, constant attention and strict observance of safety regulations. During a blizzard and snowfalls, the turnouts are cleared of snow from automatic air blowing devices, hose blowing, and also manually. Snow removal from the station tracks of the turnouts is carried out using snowplows or manually with snow storage on a wide inter-track and outside the station tracks. Hose pneumoblowing is used for blowing the arrows. Team leaders and signalmen in the production of clearing the arrows of the necks from snow are trained and pass exams at travel distances on safe methods of work and fencing of workers. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work Responsibility for the implementation of the rules of personal safety by the employees of the distance is assigned to the employees who are appointed by the distance as the leaders of the snow fighting groups. Workers of snow fighting teams perform loading and unloading of snow removal trains, as well as carry snow from turnouts with stretchers or baskets. The leader of the group must, before starting work on clearing the tracks, the shooter inform the station duty officer of his last name, first name, patronymic and the number of people working in the group. Instruction on the safe performance of work on clearing and removing snow and fencing the work site is provided by the track foreman or other responsible employee of the track distance. No more than 6 workers are assigned to the leaders of the brigade to clear the arrows from snow. Work supervisors are required before leaving the place of work:
3. Labor protection requirements during work Passage from the gathering place to and from work is allowed only along the side of the subgrade or away from the tracks. When passing in a group along the side of the subgrade, precautions must be taken: do not walk in a disorderly crowd, do not be closer than 2 m from the outermost rail. When passing along the tracks at the stations, it is necessary to walk along a wide inter-track or roadbed, monitor all movements of the rolling stock on adjacent tracks. In the dark (at night, fog, blizzard) you need to be especially vigilant. During group passages, set up signalmen following behind and ahead of the group at a safe distance, for timely notification of the approach of the train. Signalers must go with unfurled red flags, night and day in poor visibility with red lights. At the stations, it is allowed to cross the tracks only at a right angle, after making sure that there is no approaching rolling stock. When crossing the tracks, it is forbidden to step on the rails, to stand between the frame rails and wits on turnouts. Before placing people directly on the snow fighting site, the team leader is obliged to instruct all employees on safety rules before starting work with an entry in the labor protection briefing log. When a train approaches, it is necessary to get off the track to the nearest side of the subgrade or to a wide inter-track in advance, when the train is at a distance of at least 400 m and move at least 3 m from the outermost rail. In cramped conditions, it is necessary to go off the path to a predetermined place indicated by the leader. It is forbidden to cross the tracks in front of the approaching rolling stock, crawl under the cars. It is forbidden for people to approach energized and unprotected wires or parts of the contact network closer than 8 m. When performing work on clearing turnouts from snow, the group should be no more than 6 and no less than 2 people, in each group a leader of the group should be appointed. When cleaning arrows, the following safety precautions must be observed:
When clearing the tracks from snow drifts, to accommodate workers when passing trains, it is necessary to arrange niches at a distance of 20-25m, one from the other with their arrangement in a checkerboard pattern to accommodate workers in them when passing trains. To clean snow from the tracks, it is necessary to position yourself so that the snow is thrown downwind and does not fall into the face of nearby working people. When working in a group of 10 workers or more, as well as in conditions of poor visibility, the head of the group is obliged to set up signalers to notify workers of the approach of trains, Work with hose blowing of switches with compressed air must be carried out by two people, one blows the turnouts, the second is the senior and monitors the movement of trains and shunting trains. Closes and opens the uncoupling valve of the air intake column. Opens the tap only when the hose is fully extended and the first worker holds the handpiece in his hands. The end heads of the hose and the air sampling column must be tightly connected. Employees who blow arrows with compressed air must be given goggles and gloves. The hoses must be no longer than 20 m. It is not allowed to cross more than one path with the hose. In case of production necessity, when crossing several paths, lay the hose under the rail in a sleeper box, cleared in advance of snow and ballast. Hoses to air folding columns and their storage place are transferred assembled into a ring. The passage of workers from one arrow to another with a hose connected to the air line is only allowed when the tap is closed and there is no air in the hose. It is forbidden to stretch the hose between the rails inside the track. The hose from the place of connection to the place of work must be located between the tracks. When disconnecting and connecting hoses from the air line, workers must be especially vigilant, careful not to be injured by blowing the hose. Workers involved in clearing snow from tracks must wear clothing that does not restrict movement. 4. Labor protection requirements at the end of work In severe frosts, workers engaged in clearing snow from tracks and arrows must watch each other. In case of signs of frostbite, immediately contact the health workers for medical assistance. It is forbidden to touch parts (rails, tools) with hands and metal objects. The passage of brigades from the place of work is carried out in small groups under the leadership of the group leader. The head of the group is obliged to go behind the group and protect the group with an unfolded red signal flag, and at night with a lantern with a red light. Ahead of the brigade is a trained signalman who has passed the exams. The passage of crews from the place of work is carried out along a wide intertrack or from the side of the track no closer than 2 m from the outermost rail, the path must be crossed at a right angle. With large snowdrifts, when it is not possible to lead workers along the inter-track or from the side of the tracks, passage to the place of work is allowed along the way with security measures: group leaders are obliged to warn the workers for personal caution and make sure that they go one after the other or two in a row, do not allowing for delays. 5. Providing first aid to the victim with frostbite The person providing assistance must know the main signs of a violation of the vital functions of the human body, as well as be able to free the victim from the action of dangerous and harmful factors, assess the condition of the victim, determine the sequence of first aid techniques used, and, if necessary, use improvised means when providing assistance and transporting the victim. The actions of workers in the provision of first aid to the victim with frostbite. When providing assistance, the main thing is to prevent rapid warming of supercooled areas of the body, since they are detrimental to warm air, warm water, the touch of warm objects and even hands. Before the victim enters the heated room, the supercooled areas of his body (usually the arms or legs) must be protected from heat by applying heat-insulating bandages (cotton-gauze, wool, etc.) to them. The bandage should cover only the area with pronounced blanching of the skin, skin covers. Otherwise, heat from areas of the body with unimpaired blood circulation will spread under the bandage to supercooled areas and cause them to warm from the surface, which will lead to the death of the tissue surface. After applying a heat-insulating bandage, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of supercooled fingers and toes, since their vessels are very fragile and therefore hemorrhages are possible after restoration of blood flow. On supercooled areas of the body, the bandage should be left until a feeling of heat appears and their sensitivity is restored. In case of general hypothermia with loss of consciousness, the main rule for providing first aid remains the imposition of heat-insulating bandages on the hands and feet of the victim before bringing him into a warm room. The victim should be urgently delivered to the nearest medical institution, without removing heat-insulating bandages. Fingers, hands, feet, ears, nose are more prone to frostbite.
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