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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during loading and unloading, warehouse work with flammable explosive and dangerous goods
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General safety requirements 1.1. The category of flammable (flammable liquids), explosive (VO), combustible liquids (CL), poisonous and dangerous to handle includes: acids, alkalis, salts, polymeric and paintwork materials, solvents, compressed and liquefied gases, etc. 1.2. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, as well as a knowledge test on labor protection, electrical and fire safety are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations with dangerous goods in circulation. Persons under the age of 18, pregnant women and nursing mothers are not allowed to work with dangerous goods. 1.3. Loading and unloading operations and warehouse processing of flammable liquids, HE, combustible liquids, poisonous and dangerous goods in circulation are allowed only under the direct supervision of a responsible person (storekeeper, warehouse manager, etc.). 1.4. Persons admitted to work must perform only the work that is entrusted by the administration of the enterprise. 1.5. When performing work, it is necessary to strictly observe the accepted technology of cargo handling. It is not allowed to use methods leading to violation of safety requirements. 1.6. If any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, you must immediately contact the person responsible for the safe performance of work on the movement of goods. 1.7. In case of temporary transfer to another job, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the working conditions, the work assigned, and also be instructed on labor safety during its performance. 1.8. If it is impossible to perform the previous work for health reasons in accordance with the medical report, it is necessary to inform the administration of the enterprise about this. 1.9. In the process of work, the worker may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors: moving machines, moving and stored goods, increased dust content in the air of the working area, microclimate. In case of improper handling of dangerous goods, burns, poisoning, explosions are possible. 1.10. When working with dangerous goods, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the container and prevent its damage, check the inscriptions on labels and stencils, and ensure that the container strictly corresponds to the type of goods packed in it. 1.11. Joint storage of paint and varnish, polymer, household and building materials, acids and alkalis is not allowed. 1.12. It is allowed to store acids and alkalis in different parts of the same building or in different compartments, while the distance between the compartments must be at least 5 m. 1.13. Works with dangerous goods must be carried out during the daytime and, as an exception, at night, provided that the work sites are illuminated, in accordance with established standards, with explosion-proof lamps. 1.14. Forklift trucks used in loading and unloading operations with explosive cargo must be made in an explosion-proof design. 1.15. Tools (nail pullers, pliers, hammers, keys, axes, etc.) used to work with explosive goods (paints and varnishes, calcium carbide, etc.) must be made of non-ferrous metal (copper, brass, bronze), not giving sparks on impact. 1.16. Packaging of raw materials in storage areas is not allowed. Special facilities must be provided for this purpose. 1.17. Barrels freed from flammable and combustible liquids must be stored closed on specially designated areas for this purpose, laid in four tiers, caps up. 1.18. During the entire work shift, the regime of work and rest established by the administration should be observed. 1.19. Resting and smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas. 1.20. Workers performing work with dangerous goods must know and observe the rules of personal hygiene. 1.21. In the event of an accident, immediately stop work, notify the administration and seek medical attention. 1.22. Instructed workers bear full responsibility for violation of the requirements of this Instruction in accordance with the current legislation. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Inspect, tidy up and put on overalls; fasten or tie the cuffs of the sleeves; tuck in the clothes so that there are no hanging ends. 2.2. If, according to the working conditions, the use of personal protective equipment and safety devices is required, then it is necessary to check their completeness and serviceability. 2.3. Inspect the workplace, remove from it everything that may interfere with work, clear the aisles and do not clutter them; if the floor is slippery (doused with water, oils, etc.), then you should wipe it or sprinkle it with sand. 2.4. Before starting work related to the unloading of railway wagons or vehicles in winter, it is necessary to sprinkle ramps and ramps with sand or slag. 2.5. Before using a mechanism or device in work, it is necessary to make sure that it is in good condition, and when working with electrical equipment, that the protective grounding is reliable. 3. Safety requirements for cargo handling of acids and alkalis 3.1. When handling acids and alkalis, safety requirements must be observed, given that vapors, gases and dust of caustic substances have toxic properties and cause poisoning if they enter the respiratory tract. Careless handling of caustic substances is associated with the risk of burns and other lesions of the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and nose; violation of the rules for transporting caustic substances leads to damage to the vehicles themselves. 3.2. Acids and alkalis are transported by all types of transport in covered vehicles in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport. 3.3. Each package and batch must have marking data and a document certifying the quality of the product and its compliance with the state standard or technical specifications. In addition to general data, the marking should have the inscriptions: "Beware of burns", "Danger", "Corrosive", "Acid". Rail tank cars and tank trucks must have the appropriate distinctive color, color stripes, inscriptions. 3.4. Before loading (unloading) acids and alkalis, it is necessary to carefully check the container. If a container is found to be defective, there are no plugs, lids, etc. work must be stopped and the person responsible for the safe execution of work must be informed about this. 3.5. Before starting loading and unloading operations with acids and alkalis packed in barrels, drums, flasks, cans, bags, bags in a mechanized way, they should be formed on flat pallets. 3.6. Installation of bottles with acids and alkalis on the pallet should be carried out by two workers. Carefully inspect the bottom of the basket before carrying, as the bottle of acid may fall through, shatter, and burn the workers' feet. 3.7. When loading (unloading) acids and alkalis packed in glass containers, it is necessary to use carts or stretchers equipped with sides. It is not allowed to carry acid bottles on the back. 3.8. When handling metal drums with acid, it is forbidden to subject them to shocks and roll them on the floor. 3.9. Acid bottles should be placed on the floor of the warehouse, no more than 100 bottles in two to four rows with passages of at least 1 m. gender. 3.10. When storing alkali, the height of a stack formed from paper bags should not exceed 2 m, and from drums - 1,5 m. 3.11. Repair of tanks, barrels, pumps is allowed only after they have been freed from acids and washed with water. Open flame work is not permitted. 3.12. If broken bottles are found, it is necessary to immediately neutralize the spilled acid with lime mortar, then sprinkle this place with sand, after which the sand is carefully removed, and the flooded area is washed with water. 3.13. Transfusion of acid from bottles should be done using stands with tilting devices or siphons in specially equipped rooms. 3.14. Filling of liquid products (acids and alkalis) from tanks should be carried out using measuring devices, liquid meters with cut-off valves, weight dispensers or other devices that measure the amount of products dispensed. One device is installed per product. 3.15. Persons admitted to work with acids and alkalis must be provided with personal protective equipment. When handling dilute acids and alkalis, it is allowed to use a cloth suit as special clothing. 3.16. To work with concentrated acids, workers are required to wear rubberized aprons and sleeves, rubber gloves and boots, as well as rubber-rimmed safety goggles over special clothing. 3.17. During work related to the repacking of alkalis, workers must additionally be provided with a filtering industrial gas mask with a brand A cartridge, goggles of the PO-2 type or universal gas masks of the BKF brand. 3.18. Shipment bottles must be filled no more than 95% of the volume, carefully corked, and the packaging shavings must be impregnated with a flame retardant compound. 3.19. The installation of containers with acids and alkalis in the car body is carried out in compliance with the following rules:
3.20. If various acids get into the eyes or on the skin, wash them off with plenty of water. In case of contact with the skin of nitric acid after washing with water, the affected area should be additionally treated with a two percent solution of baking soda; in case of damage by phosphoric acid - a three to five percent solution of potassium permanganate. 3.21. In case of contact with the skin or eyes of lithium oxide hydrate, it should be washed off with plenty of water, then the affected area should be treated with a XNUMX-XNUMX% solution, and the eyes with a XNUMX-XNUMX% solution of boric acid. 3.22. If the skin is damaged by aqueous technical ammonia (ammonia), the affected surface is washed abundantly with water, then lotions of a three to five percent solution of acetic or citric acid are applied. 4. Safety requirements for cargo handling of paint and varnish products 4.1. In order to avoid the formation of explosive or flammable mixtures before loading and unloading paints and varnishes, especially solvents, thinners and washes, it is necessary to carefully check the container. If malfunctions or absence of plugs, lids are detected, if the container does not comply with the accompanying documents, as well as the absence of markings and warning labels, you should stop working and inform the person responsible for loading and unloading operations about this. 4.2. Before starting loading and unloading operations in a mechanized way, paints and varnishes packed in barrels, cans, flasks, cans, boxes and bags must be formed on flat pallets. 4.3. Loading (unloading) of metal drums and drums with paints and varnishes should be carried out along inclined ladders, decks or walkways. It is not allowed to put barrels upside down. 4.4. When loading (unloading) paints and varnishes packed in glass containers, it is necessary to use trolleys or stretchers equipped with sides. It is allowed to carry baskets with bottles for a short distance by two workers after a preliminary check of the strength of the handles and the bottom of the basket. Carrying bottles on the back, shoulder and in front of you is not allowed. 4.5. If leaks are found in barrels or bottles with paints and varnishes, they are removed, and the spill sites are covered with sand. Sand is collected with a wooden shovel in a box and removed to a specially designated place. 4.6. Laying containers with paints and varnishes should be done carefully. It is not allowed to hit it against each other. 4.7. Solvents, thinners, nitro-varnishes, nitro-paints during unloading must be placed directly in closed warehouses in compliance with the storage conditions for flammable liquids. Do not store this material in racks or stacks. 4.8. When laying paints and varnishes on pallets installed on racks, it is not allowed to place cans on one pallet in more than three rows in height, and barrels, cans and flasks - in more than one row. 4.9. When laying for storage paintwork materials packed in bags and stored on pallets, the stacking height should not exceed 4 m. Stacking for storage of cans and flasks with paints and varnishes is allowed in no more than three rows. 4.10. When stacking drums with paints and varnishes in a horizontal position, spacers must be used between rows. It is not allowed to stack them in a stack more than three tiers high. 4.11. Storage of liquid paints and varnishes in glass bottles in a warehouse is allowed only in baskets. Placement should be done in groups of no more than 50 bottles and installed in two rows. Between groups there should be a passage with a width of at least 1 m. 4.12. It is allowed to release paintwork materials with their packaging only in a specially equipped room. Packaging materials in storage areas is not allowed. 4.13. When repacking and packaging liquid paints and varnishes and solvents from iron barrels, they must be unscrewed with a special key, without hitting or using copper hammers that do not give sparks when hit. 4.14. Nitro-paints, acetone and other solvents are not allowed to be poured into open containers. When packaging in closed containers, pumps equipped with explosion-proof electrical contacts with armored electrical wiring and other explosion-proof devices should be used. 4.15. Opening and closing containers with toxic liquids (solvents, diluents, washes, etc.), packing them into smaller containers, taking samples, repairing containers from toxic liquids is allowed only in industrial gas masks with a box of brand A. For protection, rubber gloves, boots and an apron made of rubberized or PVC-coated fabric should also be worn. 4.16. Work with powdered and loose paints and varnishes is allowed only in overalls. It is recommended to use as overalls: cotton overalls with a hood made of dust-proof fabric, canvas mittens, a respirator. 4.17. It is not allowed to leave overalls, personal protective equipment, as well as cleaning and other materials in the premises of the warehouse for paints and varnishes. 4.18. Containers from under paint and varnish materials must be taken out of the warehouse to a specially designated room or to a site, while the lids and plugs should be tightly closed. Storage of containers in the warehouse of paints and varnishes is not allowed. 4.19. Loading of paints and varnishes packed in barrels, drums and cans into the car body should be carried out by mechanisms made in an explosive design. 4.20. When laying paint and varnish materials in the car body, the following requirements must be observed:
4.21. When transporting flammable liquids, the consignor is obliged to put on the consignment note a stamp about the danger of the cargo: "Dangerous!", "Easily flammable". 4.22. Loading (unloading) of tanks with paints and varnishes should be carried out at the loading and unloading points of the sender or recipient using pumps through pipelines or by squeezing. 4.23. For local lighting during loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to use portable lamps with a voltage not exceeding 12 V. 5. Safety requirements for cargo handling of polymeric materials 5.1. When handling polymeric materials, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements, taking into account that during thermal and mechanical influences, during natural aging (destruction), polymeric materials can release harmful substances into the surrounding air that have an irritating and sensitizing effect, which is accompanied by the occurrence of occupational dermatitis and conjunctivitis in workers . Most polymeric materials are flammable, since they contain combustible resins, alcohols, etc. 5.2. General safety requirements for loading and unloading operations and warehouse processing of polymeric materials are similar to the requirements for the processing of varnishes and paints. 5.3. When performing loading and unloading operations, it is not allowed to throw products made of polymers and subject them to shock loads, as well as moisture from atmospheric precipitation. 5.4. When carrying out loading and unloading operations and warehouse processing of the most flammable substances (celluloid, polystyrene), special precautions must be observed. Metal containers, clean and in good condition, must be supplied for loading. 5.5. Those working with polymeric materials should be provided with personal protective equipment: a rubberized apron with a bib, combined gloves. Dust respirators should be used as personal respiratory protection equipment. To protect the skin from exposure to epoxy resins, protective pastes or ointments are used. 5.6. In warehouses of polymeric materials it is not allowed to smoke and use open fire. 5.7. Laying of flammable materials for storage is allowed only on racks made of non-combustible materials. 5.8. It is not allowed to store combustible polymeric materials packed in barrels for storage in racks more than five, and flammable - more than three tiers. Barrels should be stacked in cells in one row in height, with floor storage - no more than two rows. 5.9. Stacking barrels with polymeric materials in racks or stacks should be done in no more than two rows. It is allowed to install no more than 15 barrels in each row. 5.10. The height of a stack of polyethylene film and sheet polymeric materials packed in boxes should not exceed 4 m, and packed in bags - 2 m. 5.11. Loading for storage of liquid polymeric materials in glass containers on the floor of the warehouse can be done only in one row, tier. 5.12. When packing containers for the transport of flammable polymer materials (cellulose, foam), the following precautions must be observed:
5.13. Joint storage of polymeric materials with varnishes, paints, solvents, acids is not allowed. 5.14. When dispensing urea-formaldehyde resins, the consumer is not allowed to heat them with steam. Heating should be done with hot water. 5.15. Foam plastics, pressed material DSV, phenol-polyvinyl acetate adhesive should be stored in dry enclosed spaces at a distance of at least 1 m from heating devices in containers and packaging. 5.16. Jars with mastic or glue should be opened immediately before use, not kept open, closed tightly at the end of work and handed over to a warehouse adapted for storage. 5.17. When performing mechanical processing (cutting, filing, drilling, etc.) of polymeric materials, as well as hardened adhesives containing toxic components, the workplace must be equipped with a local suction of dust particles. 5.18. After loading flammable polymeric materials, the appropriate labels ("Flammable", "Spontaneously combustible", "Keep away from fire") must be pasted to the outer side of the rear and one of the side walls of the container. 6. Safety requirements for the handling of calcium carbide 6.1. When handling calcium carbide, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements, given that when interacting with water, calcium carbide decomposes even in the cold with intense release of acetylene and a large amount of heat. Acetylene is a gas of narcotic action, has the ability to spontaneously ignite in its pure form and in a mixture with air. 6.2. Before loading (unloading) of calcium carbide, it is necessary to carefully check the container. If damage is found, the packaging should be delivered to a special room for repacking. Storage of calcium carbide in damaged, leaky drums is not allowed. 6.3. Drums with calcium carbide from wagons and motor vehicles should be unloaded manually on inclined ladders or catwalks. Dropping drums from a small height is prohibited. 6.4. When loading for storage and warehouse handling, it is necessary to carefully protect calcium carbide from water ingress. Unloading drums with calcium carbide in the rain or snow is not allowed. 6.5. To protect against soaking, it is allowed to stack drums with calcium carbide on racks under pallets so that there is a gap of at least 20 cm between the floor and the packaging. 6.6. No more than two-tier storage of calcium carbide packaging in stacks is allowed. In this case, flat pallets or wooden spacers must be used. The width of the passages between the stacks must be at least 1,5 m. When ensuring safety measures using electric forklifts or stacker cranes when laying carbide, it is allowed to perform multi-tiered stacking, while the number of tiers should not exceed five. 6.7. When storing calcium carbide in the cells of the rack, flat pallets must be used. Placement of calcium carbide packages directly on the rack is prohibited. 6.8. The issuance of calcium carbide from the warehouse should be carried out, if possible, in whole drums, cans. 6.9. When dispensing calcium carbide in an amount less than that contained in one package, the following requirements must be observed:
6.10. When dispensing calcium carbide, do not load it if the car body is partially loaded with any materials. Transportation of calcium carbide together with any materials is not allowed. 6.11. After loading the drums with calcium carbide on vehicles, they must be covered with a tarpaulin on top. 6.12. If calcium carbide gets into the eyes and on the skin, rinse the eyes and skin with plenty of water, lubricate the skin with vaseline oil. 7. Safety requirements for cargo handling of compressed and liquefied gases 7.1. In case of violation of the rules of cargo handling and storage of gas cylinders, explosions of cylinders, leakage of harmful gases are possible. 7.2. Before starting loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to make sure that the incoming gas cylinders are in good condition, that there is a warranty sticker or a seal on the safety cap, that the signal color and the safety sign match. 7.3. Cylinder valves must be closed with metal caps. To check the tightness of the valves, use soapy foam. 7.4. Cylinders with compressed air should be moved on special stretchers or carts with nests upholstered in felt or other similar material. Cylinders must not be carried on the shoulder or back. 7.5. It is allowed to lift cylinders with the help of lifting mechanisms in specially adapted containers. 7.6. It is not allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations in oiled gloves and oil-contaminated hands. The combination of even a small amount of oil (fat) with oxygen can cause an explosion. 7.7. Do not load oxygen cylinders on vehicles that are not suitable for their transportation. Cylinders should be transported only on specially equipped vehicles or in special containers. In the absence of containers, the car body must be equipped with racks and recesses according to the size of the cylinders and upholstered with felt or other similar material. 7.8. Installation of gas cylinders (acetylene, liquid oxygen, liquid air) for storage should be carried out only in a vertical position on special sites equipped with guards to prevent the cylinders from falling. Cylinders with other liquefied gases may be stored in vertical and horizontal positions. Separately placed cylinders are strengthened with a chain or clamps. 7.9. When storing oxygen cylinders in open areas, in the hot season, they must be covered with a tarpaulin or other material to protect them from direct sunlight and precipitation. 7.10. Frozen cylinder valves should be thawed with rags soaked in hot water. To avoid an explosion, open fire should not be used for warming. 7.11. Empty cylinders should be stacked in stacks equipped with gaskets that prevent their rolling and contact with each other. 7.12. It is not allowed to store empty and filled cylinders, as well as cylinders with different gases (of different colors) in the same pile. 7.13. It is not allowed to store cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases (chlorine, hydrogen) in the same room. 7.14. If the heads of cylinders filled with oxygen are contaminated, they should be removed from the warehouse, and in case of open storage, the heads should be washed with ether directly on the site. 7.15. It is forbidden to store combustible materials and carry out work with open fire around the warehouse with cylinders at a distance of less than 10 m. 7.16. In case of detection of damaged cylinders during loading and unloading operations or the release of gases from them, it is necessary, under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe production of loading and unloading operations, to urgently perform the following operations:
7.17. At the end of gas emissions from the cylinders (cessation of bubbles on the surface of the liquid), they are removed, liquids saturated with gases are drained from barrels into pits located far from residential premises and water sources, and covered with earth or sand. 7.18. Persons admitted to the neutralization of cylinders with combustible and poisonous gases must be provided with overalls and a brand A filtering gas mask. Work to eliminate chlorine leaks should be carried out in hose gas masks PSh-1, insulating gas masks KIP-6 or KIP-7. 8. Safety requirements at the end of work 8.1. Turn off the equipment in use. Do not leave the load suspended. 8.2. Tidy up the workplace, put the tools and fixtures in the place provided for storage or hand over to the shift worker. 8.3. Remove and put in order overalls, personal protective equipment and deposit them in the prescribed manner. 8.4. Wash face and hands with warm water and soap, take a shower. 8.5. Report to the work manager about any malfunctions noticed in the process of work, and take measures to eliminate them.
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