What are ultraviolet rays? Detailed answer

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What are ultraviolet rays? Detailed answer

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What are ultraviolet rays?

Light, heat, x-rays and ultraviolet rays are all types of radiation. The wavelengths of radiation have a huge range. The longest are radio waves, the shortest are gamma rays. Halfway between the longest and shortest wavelengths are light waves, or visible radiation. But the light rays themselves include a large number of waves of different lengths.

Each color is a wave of a certain length. Red light is the longest wavelength visible to man. Then comes orange, followed by yellow, green, cyan and violet, which has the shortest wavelength. Immediately after the violet wavelength comes the radiation that scientists call the ultraviolet range. These waves are emitted by the Sun, as well as lamps specially created for this purpose.

Ultraviolet rays exist in the wavelength range of violet to more than 1 wavelengths per centimeter. Because UV rays are shorter than others, they are penetrating. At the same time, only half of the ultraviolet rays sent by the Sun reach the Earth. Many of them are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere far from its surface.

Author: Likum A.

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What is cryptography?

Surely most of you have ever wanted to create a system for exchanging secret messages with each other. This happens frequently in children. Perhaps you agreed to use numbers instead of letters. Each number will correspond to a specific letter of the alphabet. Then you use this code. Cryptography is writing using a secret code. Sometimes the word "cipher" is used instead of the word "code". It is known that Julius Caesar used cipher to protect his secret messages from the enemy. Nowadays, ciphers and codes are widely used in both government and business secret correspondence.

There are basically two ways to encrypt. The first is based on the substitution of numbers, letters or other characters in the text. The other is reshuffling, out-of-order letters in a text message. Based on these two methods, you can create an infinite number of encryption options. The first is quite simple and is often used by children in their games.

The words "code", "encoding" suggest the use of special code tables when reading the encoded text, which are available to both the sender and the recipient of the letter. Codes, ciphers can be revealed by direct decryption methods, that is, by finding the key to them. However, this question is complex. The scientific method of reading cryptograms (secret messages) is at a high level of development and is called cryptanalysis.

A person reading cryptograms, as a rule, must determine in what language the secret text is composed. It is also necessary to establish how the text is classified: by coding or encryption. When revealing ciphers, codes, tables are needed that are often used in the language of letters, as well as much more.

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