Foreign economic activity. Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade operations (the most important)

Free technical library

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Foreign economic activity. Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade operations (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

31. Customs and tariff regulation of foreign trade operations

Customs tariff regulation implies a cost impact on export-import flows in the process of crossing state borders.

Tariff regulation determines the procedure and methodology of customs duties of goods, types of tariffs and duties, reasons for establishment and collection of customs duties, the customs regime of exemptions, as well as a set of actions that relate to the subjects of foreign economic activity in export-import operations.

Customs and tariff regulation is considered by GATT as the main mechanism for regulating foreign trade operations of member countries. Thanks to the activities of international organizations and associations, the national tariff regulation systems of most countries have much in common, based on common principles and norms, which greatly facilitates the process of international trade.

In the state regulation of Russia's foreign trade, all methods and instruments of customs and tariff regulation generally accepted in world practice are used. The main element of the mechanism of tariff regulation is customs tariff, which is a systematized list of rates that determine the amount of payment for import and export goods, i.e. customs duties. Customs tariff functions:

1) protectionism - protection of domestic goods from foreign competition;

2) fisk - replenishment of the state budget.

Of particular importance is the fiscal function, since the customs duties in Russia are one of the most important articles of the revenue side of the federal budget.

With rates can affect the formation of an active foreign trade balance, the increase in foreign exchange inflows, as well as on the development of certain regions of the country. tariff regulation functions are implemented in close relationship with the tax system, which partially takes over the tariff item and complements it.

Customs Tariff in its content is economic in nature, which is given preference in a market economy, involving the establishment of an objective ratio of domestic and world prices, the real exchange rate. In the context of scarce economy of the customs tariff is losing its effectiveness and is replaced by more stringent non-tariff methods.

In Russia there are:

Import tariff and import duties. The current customs tariff was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 22, 2000 No. 148 “On the customs tariff of the Russian Federation - a set of rates of import customs duties and product nomenclature used in foreign economic activity” (as amended and supplemented on February 26, 2002 ). The amount of import duty charged depends on the country of origin of the product and the trade treatment provided by that country. Foreign trade regimes are established on the basis of bilateral trade treaties and agreements. The basic rate of import duty applies to countries with which trade treaties and agreements have been concluded that provide for most favored nation treatment. According to UN lists, Russia provides preferences in the collection of duties to developing countries (reduced duties) and least developed countries (duty-free import of goods). Goods from countries with which there are no trade agreements are subject to double duty.

The export (export) duties. When collecting export duties, specific duties, calculated in euros per unit of production, prevail. Export duties in Russia are associated with the following circumstances:

▪ replenishment of budget revenues;

▪ protection of the domestic market, where ruble prices for many export goods are much lower than world prices in hard currency.

Export duties apply to all foreign trade partners.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

<< Back: Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations

>> Forward: Measures to assist exporters

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Ethics. Lecture notes

▪ Social statistics. Lecture notes

▪ Histology. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

swirling light slows down 30.03.2016

According to Einstein's special theory of relativity, the speed of light in vacuum is a universal physical constant equal to 299 meters per second. Researchers at the University of Ottawa found that swirling light travels 792% slower.

Twisted light is a light wave in which the light front is not flat, but rotates in a certain way. In the simplest case, it looks like a spiral, similar to a corkscrew - it not only spreads forward, but also, as it were, rotates around the direction of its movement. Physicists say it has orbital angular momentum. If a freely suspended body absorbs such light, it will begin to rotate.

The phenomenon of light twisting should not be confused with the circular polarization of light, in which the wave front is flat, and as it propagates, the direction of the electric field reverses. It is curious that an ordinary beam of light creates a spot on the screen, and a twisted one creates a ring.

The first time the researchers discovered the slowing of swirling light was when a conventional laser beam and light with ten turns did not arrive at the detector at the same time. But to measure the beam delay, which in experiments varied from tenths to 23 femtoseconds (10-15 s), turned out to be an extremely difficult task. Scientists have spent more than a year developing a suitable method based on the interaction of a swirling beam with the original beam that has passed the delay line.

The slowing down of the speed of swirling light in a vacuum does not disprove the theory of relativity. The authors of the work explain it by the fact that the light of such a complex structure deviates from the direction of the shortest propagation between two points and thus travels a slightly greater distance.

The first beam of swirling light was obtained in 1995. The prospects for its use for both scientific and practical purposes were so great that physicists quickly learned how to obtain swirling light and control it. Currently, swirling light is used as a research tool at the micro level, to encode and increase the speed of information transmission. It could be very useful in the creation of quantum communications and quantum computers. Therefore, the open effect can be of great importance.

Other interesting news:

▪ Miniature Bluetooth acceleration and temperature sensor based on CC2650

▪ Tourism is the main cause of a possible environmental disaster

▪ Asbestos disposal

▪ Laser cutting of water using hydrophobic particles

▪ Electronics monitors the pulse and respiratory rate of patients

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Fundamentals of safe life (OBZhD). Article selection

▪ Ergonomics article. Basics of safe life

▪ article Is the area of ice caps shrinking at the poles? Detailed answer

▪ article Waterfall Kivach. Nature miracle

▪ article Three-element directional antenna with vertical polarization (HB9RU). Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Switchgears and substations with voltages above 1 kV. Installation of power transformers and reactors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews