Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
17. The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
The main purpose of establishing foreign trade firms is the implementation of foreign trade operations.
К the main stages of a foreign trade operation include:
▪ Conducting market research;
▪ search for a foreign partner;
▪ establishing contacts with a foreign company;
▪ analysis and development of competitive materials:
▪ preparation of a competitive sheet;
▪ calculation of export prices;
▪ development of terms of payment and delivery;
▪ preparation of a draft contract;
▪ Negotiating and agreeing on a draft contract;
▪ signing a contract;
▪ fulfillment of contractual obligations;
▪ supply of goods;
▪ settlement and payment transactions;
▪ control over the fulfillment of contractual obligations;
▪ consideration of possible claims.
Based on the target features of the company and the content of the main stages of a foreign trade operation, the main functional divisions of a foreign trade company are marketing и operational commercial service, as well as departments that provide services for the foreign trade activities of the company: planning and economic calculations, monetary and financial and credit operations, accounting and reporting, legal and engineering issues.
В marketing service competence each foreign trade firm includes:
▪ studying opportunities and sales markets, providing advertising and product promotion, preparing competitive materials and a competitive sheet necessary for the formation of the basic terms of the contract;
▪ forecasting the situation on commodity markets and price dynamics, monitoring and participating in the calculations and justification of contract prices, analyzing the effectiveness of export-import operations and individual transactions, providing the necessary information on the market and prices to foreign companies;
▪ methodological support for studying foreign markets and studying its requirements for the quality of products similar to those exported, as well as ensuring the company’s participation in fairs and exhibitions.
The functions of the operational and commercial service of a single foreign trade company include:
▪ conducting negotiations with foreign companies, preparing commercial calculations to determine the basic and monetary and financial terms of the contract (price, terms and methods of calculation, choice of price and payment currency, delivery time and delivery methods) and concluding contracts;
▪ organizing deliveries (transportation and insurance of foreign trade cargo) under signed contracts and monitoring their implementation, providing technical and warranty services for exported and imported technical products;
▪ consideration of export complaints and presentation of those for import;
▪ conducting commercial correspondence with foreign and Russian counterparties and other companies;
▪ organization and analysis of credit and settlement transactions, acceptance of invoices and processing of foreign trade documents, payment of invoices and control over the implementation of these operations.
Organizational-legal and contractual support of the work of a foreign trade company and its services: preparation of documents for claims, conduct of arbitration cases within the framework of international and national legislation is assigned to the legal service.
As a foreign trade firm develops, the technical and preparatory operations carried out at the first stage by commercial and auxiliary divisions can be centralized by creating specialized services, for example, a copying and copying bureau, a translation agency, an automated data processing department of a commercial settlement group. The content of the latter involves the separation of accounting work, the processing of acceptance of accounts, the printing of bank and financial accounts and other payment, settlement and shipping documents.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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