Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
3. Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
The process of foreign economic activity includes a set of elements in the composition of the foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises, which are closely interconnected in the process of implementing an export strategy.
Foreign economic functions are the main activities of an enterprise aimed at achieving the common goal of entering the foreign economic market and concluding contracts with foreign partners.
All foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises are divided into three groups:
▪ production and economic;
▪ organizational and economic;
▪ operational and commercial.
Production and economic functions are aimed at::
▪ search and creation of an export product
▪ assessment of the competitiveness of the export product;
▪ ensuring technical and economic parameters and requirements for export production;
▪ forecast of internal production resources;
▪ search for sources of material resources;
▪ ensuring the production of export products;
▪ choice of an enterprise’s export strategy;
▪ establishing connections with internal partners.
These functions are implemented in the process of a comprehensive study of foreign markets, the results of which exporters lay in the basis of current and long-term programs of their activities.
The dynamics of internal production resources, variable components in the sources of their replenishment, external conditions for the activities of exporting enterprises are predicted, the degree of their business activity is outlined. The forecast of the future state of external economic conditions is based on an assessment of upcoming changes in the market conditions, as well as related markets for materials, components, transport, insurance, financial and similar services.
Then there is a choice of commodity items and the assortment structure is determined in accordance with the code of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity. The competitiveness of the goods is assessed, i.e. calculation of a complex indicator that provides for a multi-stage evaluation of the criteria for the characteristics of a product, depending on the ability of the exporter to adapt to market conditions.
The basis of foreign economic activity of enterprises, associations and organizations is the production of export products and their promotion to the foreign market, which is provided in the framework of foreign trade activities both by the exporting enterprise and by the intermediary.
Organizational and economic functions include:
▪ marketing research of foreign markets;
▪ analysis of export market conditions;
▪ search for a foreign partner;
▪ study of the circumstances of work in the foreign partner’s market;
▪ choice of forms and methods of work in the foreign market;
▪ ensuring access to the foreign market;
▪ organization of foreign trade advertising;
▪ planning foreign trade operations;
▪ logistics;
▪ involvement of an intermediary.
The functions of this group are aimed at finding and choosing forms and methods of work in a foreign market, studying the procedures as part of the technological process of entering a foreign market and the circumstances of the presence of a foreign partner on the market in the country, planning a foreign trade operation and organizing advertising.
The choice of forms and methods of work in foreign markets is carried out within the framework of the chosen export strategy of the enterprise, existing possible types of foreign economic activity, organizational forms of international trade, depending on the specific nature of the goods and established traditions in world practice.
Operational-commercial functions businesses include:
1) preparation of a foreign trade transaction:
▪ establishing contact with a partner;
▪ calculation of export price;
▪ conducting negotiations;
▪ preparation of a draft contract;
▪ agreement on the terms of the transaction.
2) choice of the subject of the transaction:
▪ product;
▪ work;
▪ services.
3) selection of the type of transaction:
▪ purchase and sale;
▪ rental;
▪ contracting;
▪ compensation.
4) determination of the main terms of the contract:
▪ basic terms of delivery;
▪ type of transportation;
▪ terms and forms of payment, etc.;
5) Signing the contract;
6) Execution of the contract.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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