Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
68. Leasing as a form of lending to foreign economic activity
Leasing is a promising form of lending to foreign economic activity.
Leasing is a long-term lease in which the lessor retains ownership of the object of the leasing transaction, while the latter is used by the lessee in accordance with the target settings.
According to the definition given in the Federal Law of October 29, 1998 No. 164, "On Leasing" Leasing - a set of economic and legal relations arising in connection with the implementation of a leasing agreement, including the acquisition of a leased asset.
Leasing agreement - an agreement according to which the lessor (hereinafter referred to as the lessor) undertakes to acquire ownership of the property indicated by the lessee (hereinafter referred to as the lessee) from a seller determined by him and provide this property to the lessee for a fee for temporary possession and use. The leasing agreement may provide that the choice of the seller and the acquired property is carried out by the lessor.
Leasing activity - a type of investment activity for the acquisition of property and its transfer to leasing.
In foreign practice, leasing as one of the forms of attracting investment resources on favorable terms is used quite widely. In Russia, leasing transactions have not yet become widespread. However, in the late 90s. the number of leasing companies in Russia has increased significantly. However, Russian industrial companies generally do not use leased equipment. The share of leasing in the total investment in the Russian economy is only a few percent.
Meanwhile, leasing could become one of the channels for the flow of investment resources for the modernization of the Russian economy. It is especially attractive for small and medium-sized businesses, where they can get a bank loan on acceptable terms.
The advantages of leasing over a conventional loan are that it involves lending the full value of the transferred property. Meanwhile, with the usual form of credit, the company must provide a certain part of the investment resources at its own expense to expand its activities. The problems of concluding a leasing agreement are also easier to solve. Since the lessor retains ownership of the object of leasing during the entire term of the leasing contract, in principle, no additional guarantees are required for the return of the property transferred under leasing. It is also important that the lessee does not bear the risk of physical and obsolescence of the equipment.
Despite the obvious advantages of using the leasing form of attracting investment resources, the prospects for its development in Russia seem to be very modest, since there are problems associated with both the implementation of external leasing and the peculiarities of Russian business practice.
In foreign practice, the share of external leasing is 20% of the total volume of leasing operations. Difficulties faced by counterparties in a leasing transaction located in different countries are associated with additional risks, in particular political and foreign exchange.
In Russia, the unfavorable investment climate and the underdevelopment of the legislative framework create additional difficulties for the widespread use of leasing and other modern forms of lending to foreign economic activity. Some provisions of the Federal Law "On Leasing" are considered to be contrary to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Improving the legal support for the modernization of the national economy can play a positive role and expand the scope of leasing.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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