Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
89. Strategies for foreign economic activity
Strategy - a general program of action that defines the priorities of the problems and the resources needed to achieve the main goal. The strategy forms the main goals and the main ways to achieve them, thereby setting a single direction of action.
The process of choosing a strategy takes place in several stages. This is the analysis:
▪ all aspects of the company’s foreign economic activity.
▪ market for the future (analysis of supply and demand).
▪ the company's capabilities.
▪ fiscal policy.
▪ the impact of economic trends on the economy of the enterprise, as well as the development of a long-term strategy for the company’s foreign economic activity.
Consequently, the development of a strategy for the foreign economic activity of a company is a process of studying the world market, determining the global and local goals of foreign economic activity. It is also the choice of preferred segments, bringing the company's export potential in line with the set goals, identifying preferred partners in export-import operations in order to prevent inefficient international market transactions.
When choosing a foreign economic strategy, firms can use the following alternative strategies.
▪ Innovation strategy. Western markets are showing trends toward market saturation, so creating and attracting consumers is becoming increasingly important as one of the most important factors for success in competition. New products must be different from existing products in the market, either in appearance or in function. However, their creation requires large expenses and is associated with risk.
▪ Diversification strategy. Diversification refers to the inclusion in the production program of products that do not have a direct connection with the previous field of activity of the enterprise. It makes sense to use the accumulated experience and connections.
▪ Internationalization strategy - provides for systematic and systematic processing of foreign markets. Reasons for using this strategy: tougher competition, stagnation of the domestic market, the desire for a fuller utilization of production capacities, the need to spread risk and the presence of financial advantages.
▪ Globalization strategy - is to determine the general characteristics of markets and target groups that do not depend on the characteristics of individual countries. The main strategy for selecting and processing markets in this case is the standardization of products. The company strives to optimize the overall results, deliberately allowing deviations from the optimal performance in individual markets.
▪ Cooperation strategy. The dynamics of the development of national and international markets often prompts enterprises to seek mutually beneficial cooperation with other firms in order to better exploit the potential of the market and strengthen the existing market position. Cooperation may consist in the creation of purchasing, research, advertising partnerships, marketing syndicates, joint trademarks (brands).
Strategic alliances can be formed by manufacturing companies with their suppliers and distributors, and even, with certain marketing interests, with competitors.
▪ Technology Strategies. The speed of technological development in many industries (microelectronics, biochemistry, genetic engineering) has led to the fact that technology is becoming an increasingly important competitive factor. For many businesses, getting the technology strategy right is essential. This is understood as a systematic and conscious direction of the technical potential of the enterprise to the needs of the market.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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