Foreign economic activity. Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles (the most important)

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Foreign economic activity. Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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11. Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles

Participants in foreign economic activity in Russia are classified on a number of principles: according to the profile of foreign economic activity, according to the nature of foreign trade operations performed, according to organizational and legal forms that determine the procedure for their formation, ownership of capital and the procedure for distributing income. The classification of subjects of foreign economic activity and their grouping allows us to fully identify and consider the main foreign economic functions in the economic activity of export-oriented enterprises, production associations and organizations.

According to the profile of foreign economic activity FEA participants are classified into:

1) manufacturers of exporters acting without intermediaries:

▪ production associations and organizations of the industrial complex;

▪ consortia;

▪ transport companies;

▪ joint ventures;

▪ production cooperatives in border trade regions;

2) intermediary organizations - provide foreign trade operations in the foreign market on behalf of manufacturers:

▪ foreign economic organizations of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation;

▪ industry foreign economic associations;

▪ mixed societies;

▪ trading houses.

3) contributing organizations:

▪ Association for Foreign Economic Cooperation;

▪ international non-governmental organizations;

▪ specialized foreign economic organizations and firms of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development;

▪ Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russia;

▪ authorized banks.

Classification according to the profile of activity involves taking into account the functional and target orientation: the production of export products and independent sales on the foreign market, purely foreign trade operations, other intermediary services, financial and insurance or transport operations. The affiliation of subjects of foreign economic activity to any field of activity determines the nature of the impact of the mechanism of foreign trade regulation through taxation, customs fees, customs regimes, investment incentives, as well as a system of priority among participants in foreign economic activity.

By the nature of foreign trade operations participants in foreign economic relations are divided into:

a) exporters;

b) importers;

c) specialized intermediaries (customs brokers, commission agents, agents).

Each of the participants in foreign economic activity, no matter what field of activity it belongs to, has an organizational and legal form defined by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (parts one, two and three) (as amended and supplemented on January 3, 2006) (hereinafter - the Civil Code RF). In accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on legal forms FEA participants are classified into:

1) commercial organizationswith the purpose of their activities to make a profit:

▪ business partnerships and companies (joint-stock companies, additional liability companies, limited liability companies);

▪ production cooperatives (artels);

▪ state municipal unitary enterprises (state-owned enterprises with the right of full economic management);

2) Non-profit organizations - carry out entrepreneurial activities only within the framework of the purpose for which they were created:

▪ public organizations;

▪ consumer cooperatives;

▪ associations (associations and unions).

The choice of organizational and legal forms of foreign economic activity is of particular importance when creating mixed companies and firms abroad, as well as joint ventures in Russia with the participation of foreign partners, who mainly choose the joint-stock form of cooperation.

In Russia, the composition of foreign trade participants actually looks like this:

1. Foreign trade firms of various forms of ownership, acting as the main subjects of foreign trade relations.

2. State foreign trade organizations with the status of federal state unitary enterprises.

3. Participants in unorganized small-scale wholesale trade ("shuttle traders").

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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