Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
27. Formation of the legislative, regulatory framework for Russia's foreign trade
The reform of foreign trade is associated with the transition to an open economy and the abolition of the state monopoly in this area.
Decree of the President of the RSFSR of November 15, 1991 No. 213 "On the liberalization of foreign economic activity on the territory of the RSFSR" (as amended and supplemented on October 27, 1992) (not currently in force) eliminated the state monopoly on all types of foreign economic relations, including foreign trade and foreign exchange transactions. From that moment on, all economic entities, regardless of their form of ownership, formally received the right to engage in foreign economic activity.
The following factors influence the formation of the legislative and regulatory framework for foreign trade: free market pricing, privatization, tax and monetary policy, the exchange rate for the convertibility of the ruble, and the formation of the foreign exchange market. Of particular importance was the introduction from July 01.07.1992, XNUMX, of a single market exchange rate of the ruble and the transfer of settlements with most foreign partners to world prices and freely convertible currency.
Since the 90s the legal basis of foreign trade is being created, attempts are being made to form a concept and strategy for the development of foreign trade relations. The foundations of state regulation of foreign trade activities have been developed, including customs and tariff regulation, non-tariff restrictions, currency and export control, and coordination of foreign trade activities of subjects of the Russian Federation.
Federal laws that currently form the basis of Russian legislation on foreign trade:
1) Federal Law No. 10-FZ of December 2003, 173 "On Currency Regulation and Currency Control" (as amended and supplemented on June 29, 2004, July 18, 2005);
Law of the Russian Federation of May 21, 1993 No. 5003-I "On the Customs Tariff" (as amended and supplemented on August 7, November 25, December 27, 1995, February 5, 1997, February 10, May 4, 1999 ., May 27, December 27, 2000, August 8, December 29, 30, 2001, May 29, July 25, December 24, 2002, June 6, July 7, December 8, 23, 2003, May 7 , June 29, August 22, 2004, July 21, November 8, December 20, 2005);
Federal Law No. 8-FZ of December 2003, 164 "On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Foreign Trade Activities";
Federal Law No. 14-FZ of April 1998, 63 "On Measures to Protect the Economic Interests of the Russian Federation in Foreign Trade in Goods" (as amended and supplemented on July 24, 2002, December 8, 2003);
Customs Code of the Russian Federation of May 28, 2003 No. 61-FZ (as amended and supplemented on December 31, 2005) (hereinafter - TK RF).
The Law "On Customs Tariff" contains the basics of state regulation of the domestic market in its interaction with the world market, defines the customs tariff, customs territory and customs border, customs duty with a list of its types. Special sections are devoted to the customs value of goods and methods of its determination, determination of the country of origin of goods. The law provides for the provision of tariff incentives and cases of exemption from customs duties.
The Customs Code is an extensive and detailed legislative act that contains the legal, economic and organizational foundations of the customs business. The Customs Code of the Russian Federation regulates the movement of goods across customs borders, establishes customs regimes, the procedure for customs control, establishes responsibility for violation of customs rules, contains rules for maintaining customs statistics and a commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity.
The Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Foreign Trade Activities" defines the fundamentals of state regulation of foreign trade activities, the powers of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of foreign trade activities in order to ensure favorable conditions for foreign trade activities, as well as to protect the economic and political interests of the Russian Federation. This law applies to relations in the field of state regulation of foreign trade activities, as well as to relations directly related to such activities.
Recently adopted legislative acts have contributed to the strengthening of state regulation of foreign trade in the areas of export and currency control, protection of the domestic market and national producers, which has allowed Russia to more rigorously and consistently defend its national interests.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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