Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
90. The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
Operational Marketing - marketing mix deals with the study of the marketing mix, which is the link between the producer and the consumer. It is a set of variables that can be controlled and that firms must use to influence the demand for a product (sales) of a product (service). There are several groups of such variables. The most famous classification includes 4 "P":
▪ product;
▪ price;
▪ place;
▪ promotion.
In addition, the people component occupies an important place in international marketing.
The product is characterized by such components as quality; style; a trademark or, as they say, a brand; the size; package; level of service and guarantee. The concept of price includes the base price, discounts, duration of the payment period, credit options. The sale of products in the marketing mix is represented by such components as distribution channels, the degree of market coverage, the location of points of sale, and the size of stocks. Promotion brings together advertising, propaganda, public relations activities, sales promotion and personal selling.
A firm wishing to sell its products in one or more foreign markets must first adapt its marketing mix to local conditions.
There are firms that widely use a standardized marketing mix. Known. That the standardization of the marketing concept provides the following benefits:
▪ costs for production and promotion of products are reduced;
▪ the product life cycle increases:
▪ risk is distributed between different markets;
▪ coordination of management and control over marketing activities from the head office of the company is ensured;
▪ R&D costs are distributed over a larger volume of production;
▪ competitive advantages are enhanced as a result of the development of an undifferentiated pricing and advertising strategy for the company for various country markets, etc.
The standardized approach is directly related to the globalization of the world economy, as it intensifies international competition - the main engine of marketing. As a result of competition and the growth of the market, the international division of labor deepens, which stimulates an increase in production both at the national and international levels. An important advantage in the context of globalization is economies of scale, which can potentially lead to cost reduction and lower prices, hence sustainable economic growth and overall improvement in welfare.
Despite the advantages of standardization, many national companies still consider it necessary to use the principle of an individualized marketing mix when entering a foreign market, i.e. modify your marketing concept or even create a completely new marketing concept for foreign markets. This approach allows you to concentrate the elements of the international marketing mix, taking into account the specifics of each individual market. At the same time, the firm, although it is forced to incur additional costs, at the same time hopes to win a larger market share for itself and thereby obtain higher profits. Changes made to marketing activities in foreign markets are linked to the type of product, the characteristics of the marketing environment, as well as the degree of penetration of the company into a particular market.
The focus of any enterprise should always be on the creation of goods and its implementation. The product is the core of the entire marketing mix.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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