Foreign economic activity. Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity (the most important)

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Foreign economic activity. Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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22. Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity

In the foreign economic complex of Russia in recent years, there has been a drop in the absolute volume of export products. In addition to the low competitiveness of domestic products in foreign markets, the following began to play a significant role in the weakening of export positions: subjective factors:

1. Discriminatory restrictions of the EU, USA, Canada and others on Russian-made products, mainly semi-finished products and finished products.

2. Anti-dumping procedures by the EU Commission, which cover a significant amount of products of the metallurgical, chemical, light and other competitive industries of the Russian industry. On the part of the United States and Canada, such measures are directed against the supply of certain types of ferrous metals.

3. Introduction since 1997 of import duties on Russian oil products imported into the territory of the EU countries, so far in a preferential regime. At the same time, in an effort to reduce their energy dependence on Russia, they are looking to energy suppliers from other countries.

4. A high level of concentration in the markets for Russian exports, which limits its expansion. Thus, about 90% of copper and nickel exports fall on the Dutch market; 60% of aluminum supplies are carried out to the markets of two countries - Japan and the USA; about 70% of timber - Finland and Japan; more than 40% of natural gas is supplied to Ukraine and Germany.

In the context of the high export orientation of the Russian industry, as well as the decrease in the competitiveness of domestic products, both in foreign and domestic markets, the conjuncture of world commodity markets has a direct impact on the results of the development of foreign economic activity, as well as the real sector of the Russian economy.

The reduction in the value of foreign trade turnover in Russia leads to a decrease in the role of foreign economic activity in solving the problems of economic stabilization in the country, and has a negative effect on the revenue side of the state budget.

However, the main reason for the unfavorable situation in the field of foreign economic activity in Russia is the raw material congestion of domestic exports.

Consequence of her - excessive dependence on market fluctuations, which are most susceptible to international commodity markets.

Orientation to the world market has been and remains an extremely profitable economic direction for Russia, which accordingly requires the export structuring of the national economy at a faster pace. To ensure this process, the Government of Russia has defined strategic goals and priority areas for the development of Russia's foreign economic activity:

▪ development of Russia’s export potential, including improving its structure, increasing the degree of competitiveness and increasing the share of high-tech products;

▪ creation of a mechanism for state stimulation of exports and import substitution both at the micro level, through tax incentives for exporters and long-term preferential loans for the development of export production, and at the macro level - through the use of part of the income from export duties and the corresponding mechanism for the distribution of foreign loans and public investments;

▪ formation of a modern production, financial and economic infrastructure for foreign economic activity;

▪ elimination of persistent discrimination against foreign investors and the formation of institutions for insurance against political and economic risk;

▪ rationalization of imports in order to change the structure of the economy and ensure the process of modernization of fixed assets of production, aimed at strengthening the country’s export base (purchase of complex equipment and licenses, etc.)

Achieving these goals and ensuring the stability of Russia's foreign economic activity involves changing the existing and developing new elements of the state regulation mechanism in accordance with the changing situation in the domestic and world markets.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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