Foreign economic activity. The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Foreign economic activity. The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

1. The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity

As a result, in the process of carrying out foreign economic reforms, two concepts have developed: foreign economic relations and foreign economic activity.

Foreign economic relations - forms of implementation of interstate relations in terms of scientific, technical, industrial and trade cooperation and monetary and financial relations.

The content of foreign economic relations (hereinafter referred to as FER) consists in the unconditional provision of export deliveries for federal state needs and interstate economic, including financial and credit obligations and intergovernmental trade agreements of Russia, reached, as a rule, within the framework of international specialization and cooperation.

The planning of WPP volumes and the determination of the list of goods and services are carried out by federal structures, i.e. at the government level, for strategically important positions through the system of state orders (state orders) and limits with centralized provision of material and foreign exchange resources to organizations identified as state export customers, with the function of the state order execution period.

Government order is a policy plan that includes target figures for the production of export products at the expense of public funds. By issuing a state order, a state department (ministry) undertakes to fully pay for it within the stipulated time. State orders are implemented through a contract (agreement), which is concluded with an enterprise - a manufacturer of export products, assuming mutual material and financial responsibility of the parties.

A feature of the state order is a XNUMX% guarantee of payment for the obligation fulfilled by the enterprise. Such a guarantee of the sale of products allows you to place a state order on a competitive basis, to impose strict requirements on the specified parameters in terms of quality, technical characteristics and deadlines.

Foreign economic activity (hereinafter - FEA) - a set of production and economic, organizational, economic and operational and commercial functions of export-oriented enterprises, taking into account the chosen foreign economic strategy, forms and methods of work in the foreign partner's market.

The difference between foreign economic activity and foreign economic relations is as follows:

a) foreign economic activity is carried out at the level of production structures (firms, organizations, enterprises, associations, etc.) with complete independence in choosing a foreign market and a foreign partner, product range and assortment positions for an export-import transaction, in determining price and cost contract, volume and delivery time and is part of their production and commercial activities with both domestic and foreign partners;

b) foreign economic activity belongs to the market sphere, is based on the criteria of entrepreneurial activity, structural connection with production and is distinguished by legal autonomy, as well as economic and legal independence;

c) the initial principle of foreign economic activity of enterprises is commercial settlement on the basis of economic and financial independence and self-sufficiency, taking into account their own monetary, financial and material and technical capabilities.

The main feature of foreign economic relations is the presence of departmental guardianship of federal structures that determine their main strategic directions.

Responsibility for the results of foreign economic activity lies with the enterprise itself, not only in terms of export supplies, but also import purchases for the development of export and import-substituting production, technical reconstruction.

Foreign economic activity and foreign economic relations are not separate areas of functioning and state regulation. The nature of the foreign economic policy of the state essentially determines the strategy of foreign economic activity of sectoral ministries, departments, individual enterprises and associations.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

>> Forward: Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Criminology. Crib

▪ Russian language. Crib

▪ Obstetrics and gynecology. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Speed Helicopter SB>1 25.06.2020

The high-speed helicopter SB>1, developed by a consortium of American corporations Sikorsky and Boeing, accelerated to a speed of more than 380 kilometers per hour (205 knots). Now the developers will prepare the helicopter for a test flight at a speed of 463 km / h (250 knots). In mid-January of this year, SB>1 made its first flight at a speed of more than 185 km/h (100 knots).

This is one of the most important marks when testing new high-speed rotorcraft. Later, the helicopter was tested at a speed of 240 km / h (130 knots) with the landing gear retracted. Prior to this, the helicopter performed all flights with a landing gear issued in accordance with safety requirements. SB>1 has been under development since 2015. The promising helicopter uses the developments obtained during the development and testing of prototypes of high-speed helicopters X-2 and S-97 Raider.

The weight of the high-speed helicopter is 13,6 tons, it can reach speeds of up to 250 knots and carry 12 troops. The machine is built according to a coaxial scheme with a tail pusher propeller. SB>1 is currently participating in the US Department of Defense tender for the development and supply of high-speed multi-purpose rotorcraft.

In the US Army, the SB>1, if adopted, will replace the aging UH-60 Black Hawk multi-purpose helicopters. A helicopter of this type is capable of speeds up to 193 knots. Defiant's competitor in the tender is the V-280 Valor tiltrotor, which is being developed by Bell Helicopter. This vehicle has already passed an extended test phase, during which it flew at speeds in excess of the cruising 280 knots.

Other interesting news:

▪ Biosensors to control skin wound healing

▪ The first supermolecule made of artificial atoms

▪ Promising graphene photomatrices

▪ Philips Android TVs

▪ TV for mobile phones: crazy growth expected

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Aphorisms of famous people. Article selection

▪ article by Anatole France. Famous aphorisms

▪ article How can you literally break a person's heart? Detailed answer

▪ article Prutnyak ordinary. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article A frequency doubler that does not require adjustment. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Voltage regulator with current limiter, 12-15 volts 3 amperes. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews