Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
25. Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
Successful foreign trade largely depends on the level of competitiveness of national products, knowledge of the circumstances and opportunities for its sale in the foreign market, as well as compliance with the conditions of work in the markets of foreign partners, which are regulated by various norms, rules and methods of influencing foreign trade developed by national and interstate systems.
The lack of awareness of Russian participants in foreign economic activity about the conditions for regulating foreign trade operations in the world market nullifies efforts to produce export goods, reduces the amount of expected foreign exchange earnings, causes unforeseen expenses, and leads to the disruption of mutually beneficial foreign trade transactions. To avoid this, constant attention to the conditions of foreign trade regulation is necessary not only in one's own country, but also in the countries of one's foreign partners. The regulation of foreign trade in modern international practice has acquired characteristic features due to the main trends in the development of world trade in the 90s.
To date, the unification of the forms and means of ensuring the regulation of foreign trade, settlement and payment transactions and document flow for foreign trade transactions of most states, the harmonization of uniform systems that take place in international trade has been carried out. The main international act regulating foreign trade relations is the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms "Incoterms". This act contains the basic conditions for the supply of goods. Export transactions are also regulated by the 1980 UN Convention "On Contracts for the International Sale of Goods".
National systems of foreign trade regulation are characterized by a high level of legislative support, which determines not only the rights and obligations of subjects of foreign economic activity, but, first of all, the limits of the executive power, which eliminates unpredictability and creates stability in the foreign trade policy of the state.
Features of the modern regulatory mechanism:
1) a high degree of equipment of the information and technical base of foreign trade activities, which contributes to the acceleration of the flow of information, its processing and the creation of data banks;
2) an integrated approach to the use of diverse complementary and interrelated methods and elements of influencing foreign trade, the separation of which is unjustified.
The complex nature of the modern foreign practice of regulating foreign trade is due to a specific set of means and tools of an intranational and interstate nature, tariff methods and non-tariff restrictions, systems to stimulate exports and curb imports.
Interstate regulation is provided through bilateral and multilateral agreements and treaties, instruments for regulating foreign exchange markets, a system of crediting export-import operations and insurance of foreign exchange risks. The main act of interstate regulation is the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. At the interstate level, the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the Issuance of an International Road Carrier Book (1975) is also applied.
The basis of national systems of regulation of foreign trade is:
▪ a set of acceptable methods of restricting exports and imports using non-tariff restrictions. It includes administrative regulations, financial measures, as well as technical norms and standards;
▪ customs and tariff regulation, including customs tariffs, customs duties and preferences;
▪ currency and credit funds, consisting of the exchange rate, devaluation, revaluation, currency parity, currency restrictions;
▪ ways to stimulate export production: insurance; lending; government subsidies; long-term investments; preferences and incentives for exporters; organizational government support.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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