Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
2. Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
Foreign economic activity - this is a separate sphere of activity of enterprises, the basis of which is export production within the framework of a single technological process of creating and selling products.
FEA is carried out at the level of production structures (firms, organizations, enterprises, associations) with full independence in choosing the external market and foreign partner, the range and assortment positions of goods for an export-import transaction, in determining the price and cost of the contract, the volume and delivery time, and is part of their production and commercial activities with both domestic and foreign partners.
FEA belongs to the market sphere, is based on the criteria of entrepreneurial activity and structural connection with production, is distinguished by legal autonomy, economic and legal independence from any sectoral departments and ministries.
Essence of FEA in that it is based on the principle of commercial calculation on the basis of economic and financial independence and self-sufficiency, taking into account its own monetary, financial and material and technical capabilities.
Of particular importance is the principle of currency self-sufficiency, which is provided by foreign exchange earnings from export sales in the foreign market. Concentrated on the current currency account, they form the currency fund of a foreign economic activity participant.
A FEA participant can open a currency account in any foreign currency or in several currencies at once, the so-called multi-currency account and conversion account. Opening a currency account in several types allows you to avoid the conversion of currencies from one to another and the additional costs that accompany the process of exchange transactions. Exchange differences related to currency translation (in case of conversion) are charged to the company's currency account.
Currency funds can also be kept in deposit accounts. Deposits on deposit accounts accrue interest on account of the increase in the size of foreign exchange funds, and there are advantages to using a bank loan and innovative financing. The amount of accrued interest is accepted either on the basis of an agreement between the authorized bank and its client, or is based on the rates of the corresponding period, effective on the date of acceptance of foreign exchange funds on the international interbank market by type of currency.
At the time of opening a foreign exchange account, a foreign trade participant opens two types of accounts at once: transit and current, which are maintained in parallel. Foreign exchange earnings from the export of goods (works, services) are credited first to the transit account, and then, after the mandatory sale on the domestic foreign exchange market, the rest of it is transferred to the current foreign exchange account of the participant in foreign economic activity. The currency received from transactions in the domestic foreign exchange market is credited directly to the current foreign exchange account.
Sources of foreign exchange earnings in the domestic foreign exchange market of Russia are foreign exchange earnings received from the sale of goods (works, services) by bank transfer or for cash, as well as by checks, credit and debit cards; currency bought on the currency exchange and in the bank; donations, etc.
Cash receipts in the form of the unused balance of the cash currency previously received by them may be credited to the current currency accounts of FEA participants in authorized banks without limitation.
No interest is accrued on the currency funds available on the transit account. Banks accrue and pay interest on foreign currency held in current foreign currency accounts only in those currencies for which they receive income from their placement on the international foreign exchange market.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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