Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
30. Non-tariff restrictions on foreign trade operations
non-tariff restrictions - A set of measures restrictive-prohibitive, preventing the penetration of foreign goods to domestic markets.
In international practice, the event on non-tariff restrictions are divided into five groups:
I - reflects the participation of the state in foreign trade operations;
II - combines customs and administrative import formalities, including methods for assessing customs value and determining the country of origin of goods, forms of shipping documents and requirements for their execution, commodity classification of tariffs;
III - consists of standards and requirements related to safety standards for consumers and the environment, sanitary and veterinary standards, packaging and labeling of goods;
IV - quantitative and currency restrictions on imports and exports;
V - restrictions based on payment security principles - import deposits, discount rate changes, border tax regime and sliding fees.
The above activities are implemented by the financial impact and the use of tools of administrative regulation.
Financial impact for foreign trade operations is provided by a system of various customs and target fees, taxes and duties (in addition to customs), which are levied upon importation of goods. The total amount of such fees significantly exceeds the size of the established customs tariffs, they do not have the form of a fixed rate, they vary depending on the state of the market and the economic policy of the state. All this makes it impossible for the exporter to predict the upcoming costs of cargo clearance in the importing country.
the financial impact of measures referred to para-tariff measures that are used in the regulation of foreign trade, exerting a significant influence and creating obstacles to the import flows.
Fixed fees, taxes and duties are combined, increasing mainly the domestic price of imported goods, with no indicative valuation forecast. These include internal special taxes and variable import duties, anti-dumping and countervailing duties in relation to the goods of specific importers and to compensate for benefits and subsidies to domestic exporters-producers, as well as border taxes and fees for clearance and movement of goods across the border.
Methods of administrative regulation imports - various quantitative and cost restrictions aimed at reducing the volume or level of imports of certain goods from any source or limiting their receipt from a particular supplier. These methods include various types of bans, quotas, licensing, quotas, orders from customs authorities, technical standards and safety rules, voluntary self-restriction of supplies, and anti-dumping measures.
Administrative tools are considered as additional measures of a temporary nature, with insufficient effectiveness of economic levers. However, in a period of economic recession and an unbalanced economy, they become the main instruments for regulating foreign trade relations with other states. used by states are very diverse.
The regulatory framework for foreign trade allows the use of the full range of non-tariff restrictions. However, not all of them are actually applied in Russia. The main category of non-tariff restrictions in Russia remains quantitative restrictions (quotas) and licensing of import and export of certain goods.
Measures of non-tariff regulation also include export controls and participation in the implementation of international economic sanctions.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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