Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
10. Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
By the participants foreign economic activity can be:
▪ Russian legal entities;
▪ Russian individuals registered as individual entrepreneurs;
▪ foreign legal entities and organizations in other forms;
▪ foreign individuals;
▪ Russian Federation;
▪ subjects of the Russian Federation;
municipalities.
By the nature of foreign trade operations participants of foreign economic activity are divided into:
▪ exporters;
▪ importers providing multi-channel import supplies;
▪ specialized intermediaries.
As part of a group Exporters are:
▪ manufacturers of export products operating independently in the foreign market;
▪ industry foreign economic associations;
▪ other participants in foreign economic activity.
Group importers It comprises:
▪ federal-level government organizations that, by government decision, ensure the purchase of critical imports (medicines and equipment, certain types of food raw materials, food products) at the expense of government currency and loans;
▪ regional self-government bodies that have the ability, at the expense of local currency funds, to ensure import purchases of consumer goods in order to replenish the domestic market and develop the social sphere of the region;
▪ commercial structures, including large trading and intermediary firms and trading houses, engaged exclusively in import purchases and displacing semi-state subsidized imports;
▪ various economic organizations located in regions of border and coastal trade, which contribute to an increase in imports of consumer goods through foreign exchange earnings as a result of export operations using the capabilities of local resources.
Specialized intermediaries in the field of foreign economic activity, they act as commission agents, formalizing their relations with foreign partners, as well as manufacturers of export products or customers of imported goods, through commission agreements or commission agreements.
When concluding a contract-commission with a foreign trade intermediary (commission agent), the enterprise (principal) instructs to perform export-import operations for a fee and at the expense of the principal, but on behalf of the counterparty. Under a mandate agreement, an intermediary concludes a foreign trade contract on behalf of the principal (exporter or importer).
175 branch foreign economic associations and foreign economic organizations of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, as well as joint-stock companies and foreign trade associations operate as foreign trade intermediaries on the Russian market. Intermediary functions in the field of customs practice are performed by customs brokers and specialists in customs clearance of goods, united in the association of Russian customs brokers. Customs brokers having the status of a declarant, during the customs clearance of goods and shipping documents, act on their own behalf and can make customs payments in foreign currency.
At present, the structure of intermediary organizations whose services could be used by enterprises producing export products in Russia has not been formed.
FEA participants are created in the following organizational and legal forms:
1) business partnerships (general partnerships and limited partnerships);
2) joint-stock companies (open and closed);
3) limited liability companies.
The most common organizational and legal form of association in the field of foreign economic activity is joint-stock company.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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