Table of contents (expand)
- The concept of foreign economic relations and their difference from foreign economic activity
- Foreign economic activity (FEA): concept, essence, meaning
- Composition of foreign economic functions of export-oriented enterprises
- Technological process of creation and sale of export products
- Types of foreign economic activity as a way to implement the export strategy of the enterprise and the form of its work in the foreign market
- Special regimes for the implementation of certain areas of foreign trade activity
- The role of investment cooperation in the development and production of export products
- Currency and financial and credit operations as a type of foreign economic activity
- Industrial cooperation as part of the types of foreign economic activity, its significance
- Composition of participants in foreign economic activity in Russia
- Classification of subjects of foreign economic activity in Russia, its principles
- The composition of exporters-manufacturers operating in the foreign market without intermediaries
- Representation of participants in foreign economic activity playing an intermediary role in foreign economic activity, their target orientation
- Contributing organizations, composition of participants, activity profile, role in the foreign economic sphere of Russia
- Types of trading and intermediary firms
- Organizational principles of building a foreign trade company
- The main functional divisions of a foreign trade company
- Powers of employees of a foreign trade company
- Reforming the sphere of foreign economic activity in Russia: prerequisites, stages, goals
- The nature and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in the 90s
- Export of certain types of goods
- Prospects for the development of foreign economic activity
- The need for state regulation of the national economy, its essence and prerequisites
- State regulation methods used in international practice
- Regulation of foreign trade at the national and intergovernmental level
- Foreign trade policy of Russia
- Formation of the legislative, regulatory and legal framework for Russia's foreign trade
- The mechanism of state regulation of foreign trade activities in Russia
- Anti-dumping measures as an instrument of non-tariff restrictions
- Non-tariff restrictions of foreign trade operations
- Customs-tariff regulation of foreign trade operations
- Measures to assist exporters
- System of currency regulation of foreign trade activity
- Methods of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in the Russian Federation
- Customs regulation as a method of state-economic impact on the sphere of foreign economic activity: essence, constituent elements
- Customs Tariffs and Customs Duties
- Calculation and procedure for payment of import duties, conditions for granting a deferred payment
- Methods for determining the customs value and the sequence of their application
- Customs regimes in the Russian Federation, their economic content and role in the system of customs and tariff regulation
- Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature
- Value added tax and excises on imported goods: payers, amount, differentiation of rates, calculation procedure, payment terms
- Features of collection and refund of value added tax and excises under different customs regimes
- Special procedure for levying excises on certain imported goods, their intended purpose
- Principles of currency regulation
- The procedure for exercising state control over the import and export of precious metals from the Russian Federation
- The principle of regulating settlements with the state budget by exporters
- The system of currency control over export-import operations, its purpose and procedure for ensuring
- Currency control over import and barter transactions
- Institute of Currency Control Agents
- The system of non-tariff restrictions on foreign economic activity in Russia, its difference from foreign practice
- Licensing and export quotas and their scope
- Export quotas in Russia. Administrative and commercial principles for the distribution of export quotas
- Special export procedure for certain groups of goods and the process of its organization
- Certification of goods in the import control system
- Customs formalities for the export (import) of cargo, their sequence and confirmation with the necessary documents
- The procedure for applying the provisions of the Convention on the International Carriage of Goods with the issuance of an international road carrier book, etc.
- Customs escort of cargo, its organization and conditions of application within the framework of customs formalities
- Customs clearance
- The simplified procedure of customs clearance
- Movement across the customs border of currency and securities
- General rules for the movement of goods of individuals through customs
- The value of international private law in the regulation of foreign economic activity
- Sources of law in the field of foreign economic activity
- Substantive law and conflict of law rules
- State regulation of foreign investment
- Mechanism of international settlements
- Types of loans and forms of lending in foreign economic activity
- Leasing as a form of lending for foreign economic activity
- Positions of the currency terms of the contract
- Forms of foreign trade settlements
- Letter of credit in the practice of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Types of World Commodity Markets
- Value added tax on the export of certain works and services, the procedure for calculating and paying
- Arms Import Licensing
- The contingent of quota and licensed goods in Russia
- Export control in Russia, main purpose and scope
- Special control of export and import of nuclear materials, technologies and equipment in Russia
- Unified system of expert assessment of the quantity, quality and price of products exported from Russia
- Payment return methods for a commercial loan
- Criteria for choosing forms of foreign trade settlements
- The role of banks in the settlement system in foreign economic activity
- Federal bodies, their powers and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of foreign economic activity
- Powers of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in the field of customs regulation
- The Federal Customs Service, its place and functions in the field of state regulation of foreign economic activity
- Levels and procedure for interaction between state federal and regional bodies in the structure of Russia's foreign economic complex
- Powers and functions of state institutions for currency regulation and control in the field of foreign economic activity
- The concept and essence of marketing in foreign economic activity
- Strategies for foreign economic activity
- The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity
- Export and commodity policy of the enterprise
- Types of offset transactions
32. Measures to assist exporters
A special place in the system of regulation of foreign trade belongs to the methods of stimulating national exporters, aimed at ensuring priorities and various kinds of privileges.
A feature of the modern export promotion mechanism is its complex nature, including the simultaneous use of measures aimed at encouraging the sale of goods and creating the possibility of unimpeded promotion to foreign markets, the development of new types of goods and the development of their export production.
Measures to assist exporters:
▪ subsidizing. Financial assistance to exporters is provided by providing exporting firms with various financial services, as well as funds from the state budget. Despite the ban, some countries resort to issuing subsidies to exporters from the state budget to cover the difference between a high domestic price and a low one for similar products on the world market. This practice is curbed by anti-dumping conventions;
▪ government lendingincluding concessions. It is ensured by providing the exporter with medium-term and long-term loans through state banks and special financial institutions, as well as by issuing state guarantees for export credits. In Russia, a system of long-term export credits is just being formed; the Russian Export-Import Bank has been created, which is ordered to provide export credits both on behalf of the state and on its own behalf;
▪ insurance export-import operations, associated not only with long delivery times, but also with commercial and political risks. The role of insurance in recent years has greatly increased. In most countries, state and semi-state organizations are engaged in insurance. In Russia, the system of insurance of foreign trade risks is in its infancy, an insurance company has been formed, the controlling stake of which belongs to Roseximbank. The functions of the company are to insure risks for export and import operations carried out in accordance with international agreements.;
▪ tax and other benefits, the essence of which is to exempt suppliers of export goods for a number of years from paying taxes on a part of the current proceeds from export operations; transferring funds from exports to special non-taxable accounts; in the creation of a reserve for the development of foreign markets for the export products of small and medium-sized enterprises and a fund to pay off losses from investment abroad. The method of financial incentives widely used in international practice is based on the return of customs duties and taxes paid when importing raw materials for the needs of export production, and exemption from indirect taxes on materials that are scarce in a given country;
▪ organizational and technical assistance states to national firms in developing new markets and expanding the scale of export operations. The organizational assistance mechanism includes such methods as providing various types of commercial information through government agencies, representing the interests of private exporters in government organizations, and training personnel for foreign trade. Russia is creating a system of foreign trade information, information, analytical and expert support for Russian exporters. The state is organizing work on the presentation and promotion of Russian goods to new markets and return to the lost markets of Eastern and Central Europe. The activity of Russian firms in participation in tenders for the implementation of large investment projects is supported.
Author: Bobkova O.V.
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