Foreign economic activity. Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature (the most important)

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Foreign economic activity. Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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40. Types of taxes in the field of foreign economic activity, their discriminatory nature

Tax regulation of foreign economic activity closely interacts with tariff regulation. Import taxes, by increasing the price of foreign goods, lead to a reduction in its consumption in the domestic market, a decrease in import volumes in general, as well as an increase in prices for national goods.

The duty is levied on foreign goods at the time of crossing the customs border as a payment for the right to import. The tax is imposed on both foreign goods and goods of national production. The tax system in the field of foreign economic activity consists of a set of taxes, fees and other payments collected in the prescribed manner.

The objects of taxation in the field of foreign economic activity are: the income of its participants, the cost of certain export and import goods, certain types of export and import operations, value added.

Leveling (border) import taxes are levied at the moment of crossing the customs border by imported goods and are charged by customs. Their payment is carried out by the person who presented the customs declaration. Border tax rates nominally correspond to the rates of similar domestic taxes applicable to national goods and are charged on the value of imported goods.

Special Import tax is levied only on imported goods and does not differ in its value from customs duty. Its purpose - to restrict the import of foreign goods, is introduced as a special measure to reduce imports into the country when it is impossible to increase customs duties.

In number taxes и fees, paid during the customs clearance of cargo, includes: fees for storage of goods in customs warehouses, statistical and stamp duties, freight and port, etc. Their goal is to reimburse the costs of customs clearance of goods and provision of services. The amount does not exceed 1-2% of the price of the goods, and the payment is made at the time of crossing the customs border by the person who signed the declaration.

sliding import taxes are used as one of the methods of competition in world markets. Their rate is not fixed, and the purpose is to maintain a constant price level in the domestic market. Countervailing import duties are a variant of the sliding tax, and are designed to regulate the production, export and import of specific products.

The main elements of the tax system in the field of foreign economic activity are: value added tax (VAT) and excises. These taxes are universal fiscal instruments that ensure the regularity of tax payments.

Value added tax as a universal indirect tax, which is one of the forms of withdrawal of part of the increase in value created in the process of production of goods and services, to the greatest extent meets the conditions of a market economy and acts primarily as the most important domestic regulator covering all types of goods and services. Therefore, VAT increases the interest in the growth of sales revenues to a greater extent, since the manufacturer compensates for its tax costs through the sales price received either from the intermediate or from the final consumer. VAT is levied at each stage of the transfer of ownership to another buyer in the process of creating and selling the final product, and each time deductions go to the state budget.

A similar role is played by excise tax, included in the price of a special type of goods (gasoline, tobacco, alcoholic beverages), which does not reflect either production efficiency or consumer properties, but is a tool for replenishing the state budget at the expense of the mass buyer in conditions where the manufacturer is insolvent and cannot pay income tax.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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