Foreign economic activity. Export and commodity policy of the enterprise (the most important)

Free technical library

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Foreign economic activity. Export and commodity policy of the enterprise (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

91. Export and commodity policy of the enterprise

The product in marketing is considered in technological, economic and psychological sense.

В technological In a sense, a product is an object that has a variety of physical, chemical and other technical properties and describes the parameters that reflect the level of these properties.

В economic sense product - a tangible or intangible object that has a certain utility potential, thereby satisfying the needs of buyers (consumers).

From a technological and economic point of view, the product exists in reality. In contrast, the product should also be considered as a complex of consumer perceptions that exists in his individual imagination as an image of the product. These three aspects of the product, taken as a whole, ultimately determine product competitiveness - a set of its consumer and price (cost) characteristics that ensure success in the market, i.e. the advantage of this particular product over others in the context of a wide supply of competing analogous products.

An export product is a product created specifically for sale on foreign markets, taking into account the requirements for the supplied goods, and therefore fully corresponding to them. Therefore, the product must have relevant regulatory and technical documents and be provided with an after-sales service network.

Especially promising and profitable is the export of goods of market novelty, i.e. a product that:

▪ opens up the opportunity for the consumer to satisfy a completely new need;

▪ raises the satisfaction of known needs to a new qualitative level;

▪ allows a wider range of customers to satisfy a known need at a certain level.

A special place in the product policy of the enterprise is occupied by the indicator of the duration of the existence of a product in a competitive market, i.e. product life cycle. The concept of the product life cycle is based on the fact that any product is sooner or later forced out of the market by others that are more advanced or cheaper. The life cycle of the same product in the markets of different countries is not the same, which is explained by different levels of competition, obsolescence periods, and the degree of saturation of national markets. In general, the life cycle of a product in the markets of industrialized countries is significantly shorter than in the markets of developing countries. At the same time, the world is experiencing a leveling out of the life cycles of analogue products, with their overall reduction.

The export-commodity policy implies a certain scheme of actions, thanks to which the assortment of goods is managed. The absence of such a scheme leads to the instability of the assortment, market failures of certain goods.

The role of the leading principle in the formation of the export assortment is to skillfully combine the export resources of the enterprise with external market conditions and opportunities to develop and implement such a commodity policy that would ensure a sustainable growth in exports of highly effective competitive goods.

The components of the commodity policy are: taking into account internal and external factors of influence on the product, its creation, mass production, promotion in the foreign market and sale; legal support of export; pricing as a means of implementing the strategic goals of commodity policy, etc.

The most important component of commodity policy is the management of the export assortment, the essence of which is to ensure the timely supply of a certain set of goods that most fully meet the requirements of target foreign markets.

The mechanism of foreign trade settlements, as well as the nature of banking activities, largely depends on the economic situation within the country and the value of the criteria for evaluating it.

The following categories are relevant to the nature of banking activities:

a) inflation - a long-term increase in prices, unemployment and a decrease in output associated with an economic downturn; manifests itself primarily in the monetary and financial sphere and is the result of an increase in the money supply in circulation and the volume of the proposed loan, while reducing the supply of goods and services. In an inflationary environment, central banks can withdraw excess money and restrict lending through deflationary measures;

b) deflation - a certain government policy aimed at combating inflation, which manifests itself in a sharp reduction in money in circulation, limiting the volume of credit in relation to the supply of goods and services, raising interest rates, etc.;

c) during periods of deflation, the government can take measures reflationary: central banks throw money into circulation and facilitate lending conditions by reducing bank reserves, lowering the discount rate, buying government securities.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

<< Back: The concept and content of operational marketing in foreign economic activity

>> Forward: Types of offset transactions

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Commercial activity. Lecture notes

▪ Labor law. Crib

▪ Informatics. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Growing new teeth 10.04.2021

Japanese researchers have developed an experimental technique for growing teeth. Now this technology is being tested on laboratory animals. The method of treatment with monoclonal antibodies is described. These antibodies cause the body to grow new teeth.

As part of the study, it was possible to fix that blocking a gene called USAG-1 leads to an increase in the activity of bone morphogenetic protein. These molecules regulate the growth of various organs and tissues, including teeth.

However, this technology has several nuances. The fact is that the morphogenetic protein controls the development of a huge number of human organs. Interference with its work can cause many serious side effects.

During the experiments, the team tested a number of different monoclonal antibodies that alter the ability of USAG-1 to interact with bone morphogenetic protein. Fortunately, the researchers found a specific antibody that didn't cause side effects.

After that, the method was tested on animals. In this way, the team was able to stimulate tooth growth in laboratory mice. Subsequent experiments on ferrets yielded successful results.

Interestingly, ferret teeth are more like human teeth. Therefore, the success of research on these animals gives hope that the results of experiments with humans will also justify themselves.

Other interesting news:

▪ Caffeine promotes hair growth

▪ eye manometer

▪ AOC AGON PRO AG274QGM Gaming Monitor

▪ Contraceptives for kangaroos

▪ Wheelchair control with the mind

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ radio section of the website. Article selection

▪ Article Narcosis. History and essence of scientific discovery

▪ What ships did Christopher Columbus discover America on? Detailed answer

▪ article The functional composition of Futic TVs. Directory

▪ article Means for removing corns. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article A simple tripler at 1267,2 MHz. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews