On what ships did Christopher Columbus discover America? Detailed answer

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On what ships did Christopher Columbus discover America? Detailed answer

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On what ships did Christopher Columbus discover America?

The first European ships to cross the Atlantic in 1492 and discover the New World were the ships of Christopher Columbus. Caravels "Pinta" and "Nina" with a displacement of 60 tons each had good seaworthiness. The Nina carried triangular Latin sails, while the Pinta carried straight ones. Subsequently, the same will be installed on Ninya. The third ship of the flotilla, the notorious "Santa Maria", was not a caravel, it was a hundred-ton carrack. These were the leading ships of their time, and the records set on them still arouse admiration among navigators.

A karakka is a large sailing vessel carrying straight sails on both masts if it is two masts, or straight on two and oblique sail on a mizzen mast if it is three masts. A caravel is a two- or three-masted ship that originally carried Latin (oblique) sails, but later they began to put straight sails on them.

Author: Cellarius E.Yu.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

When did the first fire brigades appear?

Man has always known that fire can be a friend and helper, but it can also be a great destroyer. Primitive man, however, did not have the problem of fighting fire as we do, simply because he did not live in houses that were grouped together, in other words, in villages, towns and cities. But when people began to live together in large groups, they had to face the problem of fighting fire. And long before our era, fire brigades were organized. They existed in many cities of the world.

The ancient Romans had fire brigades to protect cities and used slaves to put out fires. By the way, the Romans invented the first means of extinguishing fires with a continuous jet of water. Roman firefighters used axes, buckets, ladders and hooks. In the Middle Ages, firefighters were organized in some places, but it was not very effective.

It is known that firefighters appeared in England. This was because fire insurance companies were organized, and of course they were interested in reducing losses from fires and sought to prevent their spread. The authorities in London did nothing to solve this problem, so the insurance companies organized their own fire brigades. Probably, the first such brigade was organized in 1722, and then others appeared. These insurance companies put special fire signs on the buildings they insured and didn't care much about the other houses.

In 1833, the organized fire system of the City of London was established for the first time. In the United States, as in most parts of the world, prior to the establishment of fire brigades by local governments in towns and cities, residents themselves organized volunteer fire brigades. In fact, firefighting is still done mostly by volunteers. There are about 1 million firefighters in the US, and only one in ten is paid for this job.

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Toshiba 15nm Flash SSDs 08.04.2016

Toshiba Europe's Storage Department has unveiled 100 x 69,85 x 7mm internal SSDs based on the new high-performance 15nm flash memory. The transition from 19-nm to 15-nm process technology allowed not only to increase performance and reduce power consumption, but also to expand the maximum capacity of the Toshiba Q300 Pro line of drives up to 1024 GB, Toshiba told CNews.

Thanks to 15nm TLC memory (3 bits per cell), Toshiba Q300 drives are ideal for those who decide to replace a conventional hard drive with a fast, energy-efficient and shock-resistant SSD, according to the company. The flagship Q300 Pro models with 15nm MLC technology (2 bits per cell) are designed specifically for high-performance workstations for designers, gamers and professional users.

The new drives use the SATA III interface with backward compatibility and a maximum data transfer rate of up to 6 Gb / s. Toshiba's adaptive SLC caching technology optimizes data processing and achieves sequential write speeds up to 530MB/s and read speeds up to 550MB/s. For the Q300 Pro models, the maximum random read and write speeds reach 92K and 63K IOPS, respectively, for the Q300 - 87K and 83K IOPS.

The Q300 Pro is available in 1024GB, 512GB and 256GB, while the Q300 comes in 960GB, 480GB, 240GB and 120GB. All devices support hardware command queuing (NCQ), as well as SMART, zeroing TRIM and Patrol Read technologies (the latter - only in Q300 Pro). In addition, the Q300 Pro series models support Toshiba's QSBC error correction technology, which helps protect data and improves drive reliability, Toshiba says.

According to the company, the MTBF for all Q300 Pro and Q300 drives is 1,5 million hours.

The new 15nm drives will be available in April 2016. The Q300 Pro series comes with a standard 5-year warranty, while the Q300 has a 3-year warranty.

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