What celestial object accompanied the birth and death of Mark Twain? Detailed answer

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What celestial object accompanied the birth and death of Mark Twain? Detailed answer

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What celestial object accompanied the birth and death of Mark Twain?

In 1835, Halley's comet flew near the Earth, and Mark Twain was born two weeks after its perihelion. In 1909, he wrote: "I came into this world with a comet and I will also leave with it when it arrives next year." And so it happened: Twain died on April 21, 1910, the day after the next perihelion of the comet.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are sunspots?

Sunspots are dark formations on the solar disk.

A well-developed spot has a dark shadow (core) surrounded by a lighter penumbra, in which radially arranged light veins are visible. The shadow seems very dark only in contrast with the dazzlingly bright visible surface (photosphere) of the Sun, however, the spots themselves shine very brightly, since their temperature is quite high (4300-4700 degrees Kelvin, that is, 1000-1500 degrees lower than the temperature of the photosphere) . Once a spot was observed that had a temperature of "only" 3680 kelvins. The shade temperature is about 5500 kelvins. Sunspots are hotter than molten steel and brighter than electric arcs. The smallest sunspots - the so-called pores - have diameters of several hundred kilometers, the diameter of large spots reaches 100 thousand kilometers.

Occasionally, giant spots appear. So, for example, from March 8 to March 17, 1947, a complex-shaped spot 214 kilometers long was observed.

The larger the spot area, the more durable it is. Sunspots have a strong magnetic field. The passage of large spots or groups of spots through the central meridian of the Sun is often accompanied by magnetic storms on Earth. The spots move from the eastern edge of the Sun to the western one, thus demonstrating the rotation of the Sun around its axis; at the same time, they themselves move somewhat along the solar surface. The fraction of the visible surface of the Sun covered with spots is a characteristic of solar activity.

It is very interesting that observations of sunspots became one of the reasons for the collapse of the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model of the Universe, according to which stars are ideal indivisible spheres.

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Blueberries against hypertension 11.03.2015

A few years ago, it was noticed that daily consumption of blueberries and blueberries helps to lower blood pressure. However, in those experiments, the dose of berries (in the form of a dried powder) was large, it corresponded to 50 to 250 grams of fresh berries. Now, researchers at the University of Florida, led by Sarah Johnson, have studied the effect of a much smaller dose - just one cup, or 22 grams of berries per day. True, again, not fresh berries, but made from blueberry powder, which was obtained by lyophilization.

The experiments involved 48 elderly women with the first signs of hypertension. Half of the participants were given berry powder, while the other half were given a placebo. Eight weeks later, pressure readings and vascular stiffness were compared. For those who ate blueberries, it turned out to be 5-6% lower, and arterial stiffness decreased by 6,5%. At the same time, the concentration of nitric oxide (it serves as a biomarker for the dilation of blood vessels) increased by 68%. But it is the narrowing of blood vessels and the growth of their stiffness that lead to hypertension.

Johnson is going to continue his experiments, making them much longer, well, and recommends including blueberries and blueberries in your diet more often.

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