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Smartphones as modular constructors

18.09.2013

Dutch designer Dave Hakkens came up with the idea of ​​a smartphone, which consists of blocks-modules. In Hackens' phone, each component - such as the screen, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, antenna, battery, camera or gyroscope - is contained in a separate module. The modules are connected by connectors to a common board - the "base".

The modular design, firstly, makes it easy to replace a failed component, secondly, it makes it possible to create a phone for your needs, and thirdly, it simplifies the upgrade of the device, the designer said.

Hakkens suggested that the replacement units would be produced by different companies. Each of them can produce components corresponding to their specialization. Together, the companies will create "the best phone in the world."

A project similar to Phobloks was presented in 2007 by the Israeli company modu. She intended to release a miniature cell phone, the functionality of which could be expanded with special cases.

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Tiny chip that controls multiple laser beams 17.04.2023

Engineers at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology have developed chip-scale devices to simultaneously control the color, focus, direction of movement, and polarization of multiple beams of laser light. The development is suitable for creating portable sensors and quantum devices.

Traditional optical systems, which allow even a single laser beam to be controlled, represent a large-scale structure the size of a dining table. It houses many lenses, polarizers, mirrors and other devices. To create portable sensors and quantum computers will require miniature chips.

The researchers combined two technologies at the chip level: photonic integrated circuits, using tiny transparent channels and other micro-components for light; and a source of unconventional optics known as the optical metasurface. Such surfaces are made up of glass plates with millions of tiny structures only a few hundred billionths of a meter high that manipulate the properties of light without the need for bulky optics.

The system for forming multiple laser beams (blue arrows) and controlling their polarization consists of three components: an evanescent coupler (EVC), which directs light from one device to another; meta-grid (MG), scattering light; and the metasurface (MS), a small glassy surface studded with millions of pillars that act as lenses.

In a series of experiments, the researchers demonstrated that a single photonic chip did the work of 36 optical components while simultaneously controlling the direction, focus, and polarization (the plane in which a light wave oscillates as it moves) of 12 laser beams, divided into four different colors. They also showed that a tiny chip could direct two beams of different colors to run in parallel. This is necessary to create atomic clocks.

The researchers note that they continue to work on a full-fledged optical system based on the chip. So far, laser light is not yet powerful enough to cool atoms to the ultra-low temperatures required for miniature advanced atomic clocks.

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